Effect of Breastfeeding on Childhood BMI and Obesity

Jing, Huiquan; Xu, Hongwei; Wan, Junmin; Yang, Yang; Hua, Dengxin; Chen, Minyan; Li, Lizhuo; Lv, Ping; Hu, J. Y.; Yang, Jingyun

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000055

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This source of confounding is a potent source of bias in all observational studies of infant feeding and adiposity, including in our study. Although systematic reviews point to a negative association with overweight and obesity (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), some findings are still controversial (13,14,40,41). Our data from 4 multinational cohorts followed prospectively from birth to 6 and 20 y in one cohort provide an important and unprecedented contribution to the literature.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Furthermore, the large RCT from Belarus (14) found no association between breastfeeding and instrumental variable analyses in intention-totreat, observational, and instrumental variable analyses. More recently a Chinese study found no association between breastfeeding and BMI, although the data on breastfeeding duration in the Chinese study were collected retrospectively (40). Further, a Dutch study showed that overweight infants would become overweight children regardless of feeding method (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Rzehak¹,

Oddy

Mearin

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants may differ, with formula-fed infants growing more rapidly than breastfed infants into childhood and adulthood. Objective: Our objectives were to identify growth patterns and investigate early nutritional programming potential on growth patterns at 6 y and on body composition at 20 y. Design: The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study and 3 European cohort studies (European Childhood Obesity Trial, Norwegian Human Milk Study, and Prevention of Coeliac Disease) that collaborate in the European Union-funded Early Nutrition project combined, harmonized, and pooled data on full breastfeeding, anthropometry, and body composition. Latent growth mixture modeling was applied to identify growth patterns among the 6708 individual growth trajectories. The association of full breastfeeding for ,3 mo compared with $3 mo with the identified trajectory classes was assessed by logistic regression. Differences in body composition at 20 y among the identified trajectory classes were tested by analysis of variance. Results: Three body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) trajectory patterns were identified and labeled as follows-class 1: persistent, accelerating, rapid growth (5%); class 2: early, nonpersistent, rapid growth (40%); and class 3: normative growth (55%). A shorter duration of full breastfeeding for ,3 mo was associated with being in rapidgrowth class 1 (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.79) and class 2 (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.55) rather than the normative-growth class 3 after adjustment for covariates. Both rapid-growth classes showed significant associations with body composition at 20 y (P , 0.0001). Conclusions: Full breastfeeding for ,3 mo compared with $3 mo may be associated with rapid growth in early childhood and body composition in young adulthood. Rapid-growth patterns in early childhood could be a mediating link between infant feeding and long-term obesity risk.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:568-80.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Rzehak¹,

Oddy

Mearin

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…While this study substantiates current literature describing the protective effects of breastfeeding, some published research purports that breastfed infants are just as likely to be overweight or obese as non-breastfed children. 20–21 Uwawzuoke, Eneh, and Ndu 10 suggested that a positive relationship between breastfeeding and healthy childhood weight outcomes only highlighted the exclusion of possible confounders, in their 2017 review article. These authors concluded that breastfeeding was not related to pediatric obesity, but rather the observed protective effects may be a result of sociodemographic confounders, such as maternal obesity and maternal smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding initiation and duration and child health outcomes in the first baby study

Pattison

Kraschnewski

Lehman

et al. 2019

Preventive Medicine

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Despite the known benefits of breastmilk, associations between breastfeeding and child overall health outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to understand associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes, including child weight, through age 3. Analysis included women (N=3,006) in the longitudinal, prospective First Baby Study from 2009 to 2014. For this analysis, breastfeeding initiation and duration were measured using self-reported data from the 1-, 6- and 12-month surveys; child illnesses were analyzed from the 6-, 12-, and 24-month interviews; height and weight at age 3 were used to determine overweight/obese (≥85th percentile) and obese (≥95th percentile). Adjusted logistic regressions were utilized to determine significance. Greater duration of breastfeeding was associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6 months (p<0.001) and fewer diarrheal illness/constipation episodes at 6, 12, and 24 months (p=0.05) in adjusted analyses. Fewer breastfed children, compared to non-breastfed children, were overweight/obese (23.5% vs. 37.8%; p=0.032) or obese (9.1% vs. 21.6%; p=0.012) at age 3. Breastfeeding duration was negatively associated with overweight/obese (never breastfed: 37.8%, 0–6 months: 26.9%, >6 months: 20.2%; p=0.020) and obesity (never breastfed: 21.6%, 06 months: 11.0%, >6 months: 7.3%; p=0.012). Overall, our findings support the hypothesis that duration of breastfeeding is associated with fewer reported acute illnesses at 6-months of age and diarrheal illness and/or constipation episodes at 6-,12- and 24-months. Additionally, results from our study suggest a protective effect of breastfeeding from childhood overweight/obesity, as children who received breastmilk for 6 months or longer had lower odds of overweight/obesity at age 3 years.

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“…The mechanisms regarding the effect of breastfeeding on the risk of overweight remain inconclusive. In contrast, several studies failed to establish a significant association between breastfeeding and childhood overweight [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. A potential explanation for the discrepancy in the findings might be the difference in sample size, population age, proportion of breastfeeding, study design or diverse population (genetic and environmental background).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Adiponectin: The Association with Infant Adiposity Development

Mohamad

Loy

Lim

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in Malaysia. Metabolic changes during pregnancy are critical to the development of infant adiposity, due to imbalanced adipokines production. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of maternal serum and breast milk adipokines with infant adiposity development. The study was conducted from April 2010 until December 2012. A total of 155 healthy pregnant mothers aged 19 to 40 years were recruited during the first and second trimester in Kelantan, Malaysia. Data consisted of maternal sociodemographic details, anthropometry and clinical biochemistry analysis; and the infant’s anthropometry and feeding patterns. Maternal fasting serum and breast milk samples were analysed for adiponectin and leptin levels. Data collection was performed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and continued with follow-up visits at birth, two, six, and 12 months postpartum. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to examine the associations between maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin and leptin and infant adiposity development. MLR models showed that, in the first year, as maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin increased, infant weight, BMI-for-age Z scores and abdominal circumference significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Maternal serum and/or breast milk adiponectin was associated with first-year infant adiposity development.

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Effect of Breastfeeding on Childhood BMI and Obesity

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood

Breastfeeding initiation and duration and child health outcomes in the first baby study

Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Adiponectin: The Association with Infant Adiposity Development

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