Effect of Breastfeeding Practices and Maternal Nutrition on Baby’s Weight Gain During First 6 Months

Abstract

Objective To study cross-sectionally, effect of early feeding practices and maternal nutrition, with special reference to traditional food supplements (TFSs), on baby's weight gain during first 6 months. Methods Design: Cross-sectional observational study design. Settings: Urban tertiary healthcare centre, India. Participants: One hundred and fifteen primiparous motherinfant pairs within 6 months of delivery. Outcome measures: We studied the subjects for anthropometry, feeding practices and nutrient intakes after delivery, and their baby's weights were measured, and WAZ scores from WHO Anthro software and weight gain from birth were calculated. Results Eighty per cent women from partial breastfeeding (PBF) group were either overweight or obese, while 33 % of exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) group were normal weight. To further explore relationship between TFS intakes and babies' feeding status, study population were divided into four groups based on consumption of TFS and feeding practices. General linear univariate model analysis adjusted with pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, infant age and birth weight showed highest weight gain (3.8 ± 0.3 kg) for TFS ? PBF group, than other groups such as TFS ? EBF group (2.9 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.043) and NTS ? EBF (2.7 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.017), though NTS ? PBF group also had lower weight gain, but this difference was not significant (3.4 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.489). 123Conclusion Higher baby's weight gain was seen among partially breastfed babies. Rather than TFS, type of feeding affected baby weight gain to a greater extent which may increase baby's risk of obesity in future.

Maternal overnutrition during critical developmental periods leads to different health adversities in the offspring: relevance of obesity, addiction and schizophrenia

“…Maternal dietary pattern during breastfeeding and its influence on weight gain and the poor feeding habits in children has also been reported in several human studies 40 . Human studies demonstrate differences in weight gain between breastfed infants and formula fed or mixed fed infants 41–43 . Moreover, postpartum weight gain in mothers can be a predictor of future metabolic risks in children 44 .…”

Pengaruh ASI Eksklusif dan Susu Formula terhadap Berat Badan Bayi

“…Menurut WHO, semua bayi harus diberikan ASI eksklusif selama 6 bulan pertama kehidupan dan melanjutkan pemberian ASI selama 2 tahun atau lebih yang dikombinasikan dengan makanan pendamping ASI (Kajale et al, 2016;Muthoharoh, 2020;Woldeamanuel, 2020). Menyusui memiliki banyak manfaat untuk bayi, diantaranya yakni manfaat dari segi kesehatan, imunologis, psikologis, dan tumbuh kembang.…”

“…Menyusui memiliki banyak manfaat untuk bayi, diantaranya yakni manfaat dari segi kesehatan, imunologis, psikologis, dan tumbuh kembang. Selama tahun pertama kehidupan, bayi yang diberikan ASI menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan yang berbeda dibandingkan bayi yang diberikan susu formula (Carling et al, 2015;Kajale et al, 2016;Van Dellen et al, 2019;Pangemanan, Prabantoro Ruddy and Susan, 2020). Secara nasional, cakupan bayi yang mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif tahun 2020 yakni sebanyak 66,06%.…”

The Role of Early Programming and Early Nutrition on the Development and Progression of Celiac Disease: a review.

“…Thus, it has been associated with a decrease in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis [86,[113][114][115][116], and there is currently evidence of its role in the development of atopic eczema and wheezing in the first two years of life and in incidence of asthma in the first five years of life [117]. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of BF in the development of obesity have been demonstrated, both exclusively [118] and when compared with artificial formula [119], the effect being greater when it is administered exclusively [120,121] and observing a greater association if it is prolonged [120].…”