Effect of breathing dry air on structure and function of airways

Oostdam, J. C. Van; Walker, DW; Knudson, K.; Dirks, Peter B.; Dahlby, R. W.; Hogg, James C.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.312

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…That substantial proximal airway water loss can occur under these circumstances seems certain. Van Oostdam et al (34) and Barbet and colleagues (35) both showed evidence for severe airway dehydration in guinea pigs subjected to dry gas breathing through a tracheostomy. Direct measurements of airstream water vapor fluctuations within the central airways of mechanically hyperventilated dogs (36) also demonstrate that dry gas hyperpnea imposes substantial water losses within the central airways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertonicity, but not hypothermia, elicits substance P release from rat C-fiber neurons in primary culture.

et al. 1995

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Isocapnic dry gas hyperventilation provokes hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs by releasing tachykinins from airway sensory C-fiber neurons. It is unknown whether dry gas hyperpnea directly stimulates Cfibers to release tachykinins, or whether this physical stimulus initiates a mediator cascade that indirectly stimulates C-fiber tachykinin release. We tested the hypotheses that mucosal hypothermia and/or hyperosmolarity-physical consequences of airway heat and water loss imposed by dry gas hyperpnea-can directly stimulate C-fiber tachykinin release. Neurons isolated from neonatal rat dorsal root ganglia were maintained in primary culture for 1 wk. Cells were then exposed for 30 min at 370C to graded concentrations of NaCl, mannitol, sucrose, or glycerol (0-600 mOsm) added to isotonic medium, or to isotonic medium at 250C without or with 462 mOsm mannitol added. Fractional release of substance P (SP) was calculated from supernatant and intracellular SP contents following exposure. Hyperosmolar solutions containing excess NaCl, mannitol, or sucrose all increased fractional SP release equivalently, in an osmolarity-dependent fashion. In marked contrast, hypothermia had no effect on fractional SP release under isotonic or hypertonic conditions. Thus, hyperosmolarity, but not hypothermia, can directly stimulate tachykinin release from cultured rat sensory C-fibers. The lack of effect of glycerol, a solute which quickly crosses cell membranes, suggests that neuronal volume change represents the physical stimulus transduced by C-fibers during hyperosmolar exposure. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995Invest. . 95:2359Invest. -2366

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertonicity, but not hypothermia, elicits substance P release from rat C-fiber neurons in primary culture.

et al. 1995

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“…19 Airway resistance increases to protect the lungs from the challenge of dry and cold gas by reducing the air flow in the upper airways and trachea. 3,4 Breathing dry air causes excessive water loss by the nasal mucosa, 20 which may in turn reduce the nasal mucoclliary clearance rate via changes in the rheological properties or adhesiveness of nasal mucus and/or slowing of ciliary pulses. 5 Unwarmed and dry gas may have adverse effects on patients with respiratory failure.…”

Section: Adverse Effects Of Lack Of Humidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Adults: Physiological Benefits, Indication, Clinical Benefits, and Adverse Effects

2016

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High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is carried out using an air/oxygen blender, active humidifier, single heated tube, and nasal cannula. Able to deliver adequately heated and humidified medical gas at flows up to 60 L/min, it is considered to have a number of physiological advantages compared with other standard oxygen therapies, including reduced anatomical dead space, PEEP, constant F IO 2 , and good humidification. Although few large randomized clinical trials have been performed, HFNC has been gaining attention as an alternative respiratory support for critically ill patients. Published data are mostly available for neonates. For critically ill adults, however, evidence is uneven because the reports cover various subjects with diverse underlying conditions, such as hypoxemic respiratory failure, exacerbation of COPD, postextubation, preintubation oxygenation, sleep apnea, acute heart failure, and conditions entailing do-not-intubate orders. Even so, across the diversity, many published reports suggest that HFNC decreases breathing frequency and work of breathing and reduces the need for respiratory support escalation. Some important issues remain to be resolved, such as definitive indications for HFNC and criteria for timing the starting and stopping of HFNC and for escalating treatment. Despite these issues, HFNC has emerged as an innovative and effective modality for early treatment of adults with respiratory failure with diverse underlying diseases.

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“…The volume, flow, and pressure signals were recorded using a General Scanning recorder (model RS4-5P). Pulmonary resistance (RL) was calculated from these signals with the method of von Neergaard and Wirz [17], using a computerized system developed in this laboratory [18]. RL was measured at baseline after 5 breaths of aerosolized Tyrode's solution and after increasing breaths (3 mL each) of an aerosolized solution (2 mg/mL) of histamine (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 breaths) until 60 breaths were delivered or until a plateau of response was observed, Aerosols were generated from an Acorn nebulizer driven by air at 3.8 L/min.…”

Section: Bronchial Responsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Airways Sensory C Fiber Network Degeneration on Airways Permeability and Responsiveness

Burns

Schellenberg

et al. 1992

Experimental Lung Research

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The effect of sensory nerve C fiber network degeneration on airways permeability and responsiveness was studied in guinea pigs. Degeneration of the C fiber sensory network was produced by injecting capsaicin in solvent (total dose 50 mg/kg) into neonatal animals (n = 29) with littermate animals (n = 30) treated with solvent alone serving as controls. Sensory nerve depletion was established by comparing tracheal strips from both groups of animals in vitro. When the animals reached between 400 and 500 g body weight, airways permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) and airways responsiveness to a graded dose of aerosolized histamine were measured. The data show that degeneration of the C fiber network had no effect on the airways responsiveness to histamine. They also show that degeneration of the C fiber network produced a significant (P less than or equal to .01) increase in airways reactivity [0.36 +/- 0.08 cm H2O/mL s-1 (mean +/- SEM)] following cigarette smoke exposure compared with control (0.11 +/- 0.04) or control-smoke-exposed animals (0.10 +/- 0.02). Degeneration of the C fiber network did not affect the increased permeability seen following cigarette smoke exposure (capsaicin pretreated 39.8 +/- 9.1 and control pretreated 28.4 +/- 7.9 (micrograms)(min)/mg). We conclude that degeneration of the C fiber network is associated with increased rather than decreased airways responsiveness in guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke.

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Effect of breathing dry air on structure and function of airways

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Hypertonicity, but not hypothermia, elicits substance P release from rat C-fiber neurons in primary culture.

Hypertonicity, but not hypothermia, elicits substance P release from rat C-fiber neurons in primary culture.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Adults: Physiological Benefits, Indication, Clinical Benefits, and Adverse Effects

Effect of Airways Sensory C Fiber Network Degeneration on Airways Permeability and Responsiveness

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