“…At birth, and to a degree irrespective of gestational age, a primary task facing the newborn is state regulation. In the case of the prematurely born VLBW infant, this task occurs in an unusual extra-uterine environment (Bleynow, Svenningsen & Almquist, 1974;Glass et al. 1985;Gottfried et al, 1981), in the face of intrusive medical/nursing interventions, many of which are stressful for the infant (Field, 1990), compounded frequently by severe illness and by an immature nervous system.…”