Effect of C/N ratio in methane productivity and biodegradability during facultative co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent and empty fruit bunch

Nurliyana, M.; H’ng, Paik San; Halis, Rasmina; Kalsom, M. S. Umi; Chin, K.L.; Lee, Seng Hua; Lum, Wei Chen; Khoo, G.D.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.04.047

Cited by 69 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It was shown that the carbon source affected CH 4 emissions by methanogens, and methanogens occurred at C/N ratios higher than 7 regardless of carbon sources . Methane production increased from 0.2 L CH 4 to 2.0 L CH 4 in response to the treatment with a C/N ratio of 45 . Wheat straw can be used for efficient methane production with urea pretreatment and the 1% urea pretreatment, with a C/N ratio of 25:1 resulting in the maximum methane production .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…28 Methane production increased from 0.2 L CH 4 to 2.0 L CH 4 in response to the treatment with a C/N ratio of 45. 79 Wheat straw can be used for efficient methane production with urea pretreatment and the 1% urea pretreatment, with a C/N ratio of 25:1 resulting in the maximum methane production. 15 However, the application of urea significantly reduced CH 4 emission from rice fields by an average of 14.4% compared with no N addition treatment (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Methane Emission and Tn Removal At Different C/n Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of external carbon source addition on methane emissions from a vertical subsurface‐flow constructed wetland

Liu¹,

et al. 2019

Greenhouse Gases

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In this study, different concentrations of urea (0, 12.1, 30, 45, 61 and 80 mmol·L−1) were added separately, as external carbon sources, to a two‐stage vertical subsurface‐flow constructed wetland (VSSF CW) where Cyperus alternifolius L. was planted, with the aim of understanding methane (CH4) emissions driven by urea. Results indicate that the average CH4 emissions from a two‐stage VSSF CW were 6.88, 7.11, 6.22, 7.45, 5.06 and 2.80 mol·m−2·day−1, corresponding to urea concentrations of 0, 12.1, 30, 45, 61 and 80 mmol·L−1 added in the VSSF CW, respectively. Urea as a carbon source had an average of 31.57% of influent total organic carbon (TOC). It was transformed into CH4‐C, of which CH4‐C/TOCinfluent may be be considered as an important component when anthropogenic methanogenesis from treatment wetlands was driven by carbon sources or carbon loading. Methane emissions were at their lowest when the C/N ratio was 5.89, at a urea concentration of 80 mmol·L−1. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that CH4 correlated positively with temperature and redox conditions (Eh). Methane emissions driven by urea in the two‐stage VSSF CW were found to be in accordance with the second‐rate dynamics kinetic model (kinetic constant = 22.94 mg CH4·h−1, R2 = 0.99), which can be considered as a high level of CH4 emissions. It indicates that external carbon sources can influence CH4 emissions from two‐stage VSSF CW significantly. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methane Emission and Tn Removal At Different C/n Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of external carbon source addition on methane emissions from a vertical subsurface‐flow constructed wetland

Liu¹,

et al. 2019

Greenhouse Gases

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“…30 The CH 4 yield was calculated relative to the amount of volatile solids added (VS). 31 CH 4 yield ( L CH 4 gVS − 1 ) = Cumulative volume of CH 4 ( LCH 4 )…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Effect Of Organic Loading Rates On Semi-comentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of organic loading rates on microbial communities and biogas production from water hyacinth: a case of mono‐ and co‐digestion

Nkuna

Roopnarain

Adeleke

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Background Anaerobic digestion is a microbial driven process, which results in biogas production. Although important, the relative abundance of microbial communities can be affected by disturbances such as feeding rates. In this study, the effects of irregular organic loading rates on anaerobic digestion of water hyacinth (mono‐ and co‐digestion) as well as on bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated. The process was conducted at different feeding stages during which the process stability, biogas production, composition and microbial community structure were monitored. Results Bacterial communities were more influenced by irregular organic loading rates in comparison with archaeal communities. Although microbial community shifts were observed in both mono‐ and co‐digestion, the shift was more prevalent in co‐digestion. Moreover, process stability was evidenced in some stages of mono‐digestion, where the FOS/TAC ratio was within the optimal range. However, for co‐digestion, the low FOS/TAC ratio showed process instability. Conclusion Overall, irregularity in organic loading rates affected the microbial community composition as well as their CH4 production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Another possible effect is that carbon compounds can stimulate methanogens [81,82]. Previous work has shown that the types and concentrations of the organic carbon may influence the methanotroph diversity [83,84], and it is agreed that it is necessary to keep a balanced composition for a balanced C/N ratio [85]. Other studies have concluded that the cumulative methane production increased from 0.17 L CH 4 to 2.03 L CH 4 in response to the treatment with a C/N ratio of 45.…”

Section: Methane Emission Impacted On C/n Ratio In Ivcwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Emissions Driven by Adding a Gradient of Ethanol as Carbon Source in Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands

Liu¹,

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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This work aims to investigate the methane emissions from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs) when ethanol is added as an external carbon source. In this study, a gradient of ethanol (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mmol/L) was added as the carbon source in an IVCW planted with Cyperus alternifolius L. The results showed that the methane emission flux at an ethanol concentration of 32 mmol/L was 32.34 g CH4 m−2 day−1 less than that of the control experiment (0 mmol/L) and that the methane emission flux at an ethanol concentration of 16 mmol/L was 5.53 g CH4 m−2 day−1 less than that at 0 mmol/L. In addition, variations in the water quality driven by the different ethanol concentrations were found, with a redox potential range of −64 mV to +30 mV, a pH range of 6.6–6.9, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate range of 41% to 78%, and an ammonia nitrogen removal rate range of 59% to 82% after the ethanol addition. With the average CH4-C/TOC (%) value of 35% driven by ethanol, it will be beneficial to understand that CH4-C/TOC can be considered an ecological indicator of anthropogenic methanogenesis from treatment wetlands when driven by carbon sources or carbon loading. It can be concluded that adding ethanol as an external carbon source can not only meet the water quality demand of the IVCW treatment system but also stimulate and increase the average CH4 emissions from IVCWs by 23% compared with the control experiment. This finding indicates that an external carbon source can stimulate more CH4 emissions from IVCWs and shows the importance of carbon sources during sewage treatment processes when considering greenhouse emissions from treated wetlands.

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Effect of C/N ratio in methane productivity and biodegradability during facultative co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent and empty fruit bunch

Cited by 69 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of external carbon source addition on methane emissions from a vertical subsurface‐flow constructed wetland

Impact of external carbon source addition on methane emissions from a vertical subsurface‐flow constructed wetland

Effects of organic loading rates on microbial communities and biogas production from water hyacinth: a case of mono‐ and co‐digestion

Methane Emissions Driven by Adding a Gradient of Ethanol as Carbon Source in Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands

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