Effect of cadmium administration on the antioxidant system and neuronal death in the hippocampus of rats

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal classified as a carcinogen whose exposure could affect the function of the central nervous system. Studies suggest that Cd modifies neuronal morphology in the hippocampus and affects cognitive tasks. The oxidative stress pathway is proposed as a mechanism of toxicity. However, this mechanism is not precise yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cd administration on oxidative stress markers in the male rat's hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were divided into (1) control (drinking water) and (2) treatment with Cd (32.5 ppm of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in water). The Cd was administered for 2, 3, and 4 months. The results show that the oral administration of CdCl2 increased the concentration of Cd in plasma and hippocampus, and this response is time‐dependent on its administration. Likewise, it caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress markers. Moreover, it increased reactive astrogliosis and antioxidant enzyme activity. Consequently, the progression of the oxidative response exacerbated neurodegeneration in hippocampal cells. Our results suggest that Cd exposure induces a severe oxidative response that contributes critically to hippocampal neurodegeneration. It is suggested that exposure to Cd increases the risk of developing neurological diseases, which contributes to a decrease in the quality of life of the human and the environment in which it lives.

Chronic resveratrol administration reduces oxidative stress and brain cell loss and improves memory of recognition in old rats

“…The sensitivity of the equipment was adjusted to a fluorescent signal of 140 fluorescence units with a standard solution of quinine (.001 mg/mL). The results were expressed as relative fluorescence units per milligram of protein (Treviño et al., 2022).…”

“…Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was quantified by the pyrogallol method (Treviño et al., 2022). Pyrogallol autoxidizes in a basic medium generating a superoxide radical.…”

“…The glutathione (GSH) system comprises total GSH, reduced GSH, oxidized GSH (GSSG), and enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (Treviño et al., 2022).…”

The Ameliorative Effect Of Vitamin C Against Hematological , Biochemical , Oxidative And Immunosuppressive Effect Of Cadmium Chloride In Rats.

“…It belongs to chemical element group XII on the periodic Table [3] The mechanisms and routes of Cd›s toxicity at the tissue level in biological systems are still poorly understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced more readily and oxidative stress is induced in several tissues as a result of Cd toxicity, according to a number of studies [4,5] .Furthermore, exposure to Cd promotes tissue damage brought on by lipid peroxidation [6].…”