Effect of cadmium on lymphocyte subsets distribution in thymus and spleen

Lafuente, A.; González-Carracedo, A.; Romero, Alejandro; Esquifino, Ana I.

doi:10.1007/bf03179867

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Data from in vivo studies showed increase (Malavé and de Ruffino, 1984;Stelzer and Pazdernik, 1983), decrease (Dan et al, 2000) or no effect (Müller et al, 1979) on spleen B cell responses. The decrease (Lafuente et al, 2003;Ohsawa et al, 1983) in B cell numbers was observed in animals exposed to Cd, though at low doses an increase was observed (Lafuente et al, 2003). Similarly, splenic T cell responses were differentially affected by Cd administration in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Similarly, splenic T cell responses were differentially affected by Cd administration in vivo. Both decreased (Dan et al, 2000;Pathak and Khandelwal, 2007), increased (Malavé and de Ruffino, 1984;Müller et al, 1979) or unchanged T cell proliferation (Chowdhury et al, 1987) were observed, as well as increase (Ohsawa et al, 1983) or decrease (Pathak and Khandelwal, 2007) in T cell numbers or basic T cell subsets (Lafuente et al, 2003) were observed in spleens of animals administered with Cd. Differences in the effects of Cd in vivo might have resulted from different dosages or duration of exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Acute cadmium administration to rats exerts both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects in spleen

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acute cadmium administration to rats exerts both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects in spleen

et al. 2014

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“…Ten dams were used as controls, having free access to deionized distilled water (ddH 2 0), while ten additional dams had free access to 10 ppm of CdCl 2 (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO) dissolved inddH 2 0. The dose of 10 ppm was chosen because it is the greatest concentration that will elicit immunomodulatory effects in adult rodents without causing systemic effects (Lafuente et al , 2003). In addition, 10 ppm is a relatively low and environmentally realistic concentration (Thijssen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cadmium exposure alters postnatal immune cell development and function

Hanson

Holásková

Elliott

et al. 2012

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Cadmium (Cd) is generally found in low concentrations in the environment due to its widespread and continual use, however, its concentration in some foods and cigarette smoke is high. Although evidence demonstrates that adult exposure to Cd causes changes in the immune system, there are limited reports of immunomodulatory effects of prenatal exposure to Cd. This study was designed to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to Cd on the immune system of the offspring. Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of CdCl2 (10 ppm) and the effects on the immune system of the offspring were assessed at two time points following birth (2 and 7 weeks of age). Thymocyte and splenocyte phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Prenatal Cd exposure did not affect thymocyte populations at 2 and 7 weeks of age. In the spleen, the only significant effect on phenotype was a decrease in the number of macrophages in male offspring at both time points. Analysis of cytokine production by stimulated splenocytes demonstrated that prenatal Cd exposure decreased IL-2 and IL-4 production by cells from female offspring at 2 weeks of age. At 7 weeks of age, splenocyte IL-2 production was decreased in Cd-exposed males while IFN-γ production was decreased from both male and female Cd-exposed offspring. The ability of the Cd-exposed offspring to respond to immunization with a S. pneumoniae vaccine expressing T-dependent and T-independent streptococcal antigens showed marked increases in the levels of both T-dependent and T-independent serum antibody levels compared to control animals. CD4+FoxP3+CD25+ (nTreg) cell percentages were increased in the spleen and thymus in all Cd-exposed offspring except in the female spleen where a decrease was seen. CD8+CD223+ T cells were markedly decreased in the spleens in all offspring at 7 weeks of age. These findings suggest that even very low levels of Cd exposure during gestation can result in long term detrimental effects on the immune system of the offspring and these effects are to some extent sex-specific.

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“…For each experiment, ten dams were used as controls, having free access to deionized distilled water (ddH 2 O), while ten additional dams had free access to 10 ppm of Cd as CdCl 2 (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO) dissolved in ddH 2 O. The dose of 10 ppm was chosen because it is the greatest concentration that will elicit immunomodulatory effects in adult rodents without causing systemic effects (Lafuente et al , 2003). In addition, 10 ppm is a relatively low and environmentally realistic concentration (Thijssen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cadmium exposure dysregulates sonic hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the thymus resulting in altered thymocyte development

Hanson

Brundage

Schafer

et al. 2010

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Cadmium (Cd) is both an environmental pollutant as well as a component of cigarette smoke. Although evidence demonstrates that adult exposure to Cd causes changes in the immune system, there are limited reports in the literature of immunomodulatory effects of prenatal exposure to Cd. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are required for thymocyte maturation. Several studies have demonstrated that Cd exposure affects these pathways in different organ systems. This study was designed to investigate the effect of prenatal Cd exposure on thymocyte development, and to determine if these effects were linked to dysregulation of Shh and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Pregnant C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to an environmentally relevant dose (10 ppm) of Cd throughout pregnancy and effects on the thymus were assessed on the day of birth. Thymocyte phenotype was determined by flow cytometry. A Gli:luciferase reporter cell line was used to measure Shh signaling. Transcription of target genes and translation of key components of both signaling pathways was assessed using real-time RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Prenatal Cd exposure increased the number of CD4+ cells and a subpopulation of double-negative cells (DN; CD4-CD8-), DN4 (CD44-CD25-). Shh and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were both decreased in the thymus. Target genes of Shh (Patched1 and Gli1) and Wnt/β-catenin (c-fos, and c-myc) were affected differentially among thymocyte subpopulations. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to Cd dysregulates two signaling pathways in the thymus, resulting in altered thymocyte development.

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Effect of cadmium on lymphocyte subsets distribution in thymus and spleen

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Acute cadmium administration to rats exerts both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects in spleen

Acute cadmium administration to rats exerts both immunosuppressive and proinflammatory effects in spleen

Prenatal cadmium exposure alters postnatal immune cell development and function

Prenatal cadmium exposure dysregulates sonic hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the thymus resulting in altered thymocyte development

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