Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates

Raman, L; Rajalakshmi, K.; Krishnamachari, K. A. V. R.; Sastry, Jayagowri

doi:10.1093/ajcn/31.3.466

Cited by 98 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is known that maternal nutrition during either pregnancy or lactation markedly affects neonatal growth (31). For example, oral calcium supplementation to undernourished pregnant women significantly increased neonatal bone density (30). In the present study, both male and female offspring of the pre-suckling calcium-supplemented dams had higher femoral aBMD from 2-wk postweaning (5 wk old) until young adulthood (7 wk old).…”

supporting

confidence: 46%

“…Transepithelial calcium fluxes in (A) duodenum and (B) cecum of nulliparous and day 7 lactating rats with (gray bars) and without suckling (filled bar). Calcium fluxes were also measured after various suckling duration (i.e., 5,15,30,45, and 60 min) and post-separation time (i.e., 15,30,45, and 60 min). Numbers in parentheses are numbers of animals.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-suckling calcium supplementation effectively prevents lactation-induced osteopenia in rats

Suntornsaratoon

Kraidith

Teerapornpuntakit

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Suntornsaratoon P, Kraidith K, Teerapornpuntakit J, Dorkkam N, Wongdee K, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Pre-suckling calcium supplementation effectively prevents lactation-induced osteopenia in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 306: E177-E188, 2014. First published December 3, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00556.2013.-During lactation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and intestinal calcium hyperabsorption help provide extra calcium for lactogenesis. Since the suckling-induced surge of pituitary prolactin (PRL) rapidly stimulates calcium absorption in lactating rats, it is hypothesized that pre-suckling oral calcium supplementation should be an efficient regimen to shift the calcium source from bone to diet, thereby slowing lactation-induced osteopenia. Our results showed that 30-min suckling markedly stimulated maternal duodenal calcium transport, which returned to the baseline at 45 min. Lactating rats given 4 mg/kg per dose calcium via a gavage tube at 90 min pre-suckling 4 doses a day for 14 days prevented a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) of long bones and vertebrae. On the other hand, a single-dose supplementation, despite the same amount of calcium per day, appeared less effective. Because glucose and galactose further stimulated duodenal calcium transport in lactating rats, pre-suckling calcium supplement containing both sugars successfully normalized plasma ionized calcium and led to better bone gain than that with calcium alone. A histomorphometric study revealed that lactating rats given pre-suckling calcium plus monosaccharide supplement manifested greater trabecular bone volume and thickness and exhibited less eroded surface than in vehicle-treated lactating rats. Beneficial effects of the 14-day calcium supplementation persisted until 6 mo postweaning in dams and also elevated the baseline BMD of the offspring. In conclusion, our proof-of-concept study has corroborated that pre-suckling calcium supplements, especially regimens containing monosaccharides, are efficient in preventing osteopenia in lactating rats and could increase bone density in both breastfeeding mothers and neonates.

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supporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-suckling calcium supplementation effectively prevents lactation-induced osteopenia in rats

Suntornsaratoon

Kraidith

Teerapornpuntakit

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Numerous studies indicate that younger females are at greatest risk of bone loss because of pregnancy, lactation, and fluctuations in hormonal balance, all of which can have a negative effect on skeletal density (Atkinson and West, 1970;Raman et al, 1978;Smith et al, 1985;Walker et al, 1972). Historical documents suggest that Antebellum and Reconstruction period black females experienced high parity (6-8 children) and breast fed their infants until becoming pregnant again (Farley, 1970;Gutman, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical bone maintenance in an historic Afro‐American Cemetery sample from Cedar Grove, Arkansas

Martin

Magennis

Rose

1987

American J Phys Anthropol

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The relocation and analysis of 80 skeletons from the Cedar Grove Cemetery, located in southwest Arkansas, provides an opportunity to examine the level of health and nutrition experienced by Afro-Americans in the post-Reconstruction South (1878-1930). The demographic profile lends support to the interpretation that Cedar Grove participated in the nationwide decline in Afro-American health. The high frequencies of skeletal lesions indicative of dietary deficiencies and infectious disease demonstrate that this was a highly stressed population. For this analysis, adult femoral thin sections (15 females and 14 males) are examined histologically. These data provide support to the assertion that the Cedar Grove population experienced poor health. Measures taken from the sections include cortical thickness, percent cortical area, and mean number of resorption spaces and forming osteons per square millimeter of bone. As a group, they demonstrate low percent cortical area compared with well-nourished normals. They also show high rates of resorption to formation, thereby disrupting the balance necessary for normal cortical bone maintenance. The pattern established for bone porosity in this group is not a function of age but rather is due to other factors, most likely nutrition and disease stress. What may be unique about this group is that males, as well as females, experienced problems with calcium homeostasis and normal maintenance and repair of bone. Taken together, these data support the interpretation that diet and health were substandard in the post-Reconstruction South.

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“…Animal studies have indicated that low calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation results in a bone mineral de®cit that is retained despite a diet that is suf®cient in calcium post weaning (Gruber & Stover, 1994). A study in India showed increased bone density in neonates when their undernourished mothers were given calcium supplements during pregnancy (Raman et al, 1978). We have recently reported, in children born at term, that those whose mothers smoke during pregnancy have lower size-adjusted bone mass at age 8 while those who are breast-fed have higher bone mass than those who are bottle-fed Jones et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

2000

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Objective: To describe the association between maternal diet during the third trimester of pregnancy and bone mass in 8 y-old male and female children. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Southern Tasmania between 1988 and 1996. Subjects: One-hundred and seventy-three 8 -y-old male and female children with adequate maternal dietary information taking part in a study of bone mineralization. Results: After adjustment for confounders, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was positively associated with magnesium and phosphorus density of the maternal diet; lumbar spine BMD was positively associated with magnesium, phosphorus and potassium and negatively associated with fat density while total body BMD was positively associated with magnesium, potassium and protein and negatively associated with fat density (all P`0.05). After further adjustment for other signi®cant dietary factors, the only signi®cant remaining associations observed were for phosphorus and fat at the lumbar spine, although the adjusted goodness of ®t of the models improved compared to those including one dietary variable. A child in the`optimal' levels of dietary exposures had signi®cantly higher adjusted BMD at all sites (femoral neck, 5.5%, lumbar spine, 12%, total body, 6.8%). Calcium intake was not associated with BMD at any site, possibly due to a high average intake. Conclusions: This study reports a substantial association between in utero diet in a well-nourished population and later bone mass in their children. However, it does not allow identi®cation of the dietary components of greatest importance, indicating that these results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Further longitudinal studies in other populations are required to con®rm that dietary manipulation during pregnancy has a role to play in the early life prevention of osteoporosis.

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Effect of calcium supplementation to undernourished mothers during pregnancy on the bone density of the neonates

Cited by 98 publications

References 4 publications

Pre-suckling calcium supplementation effectively prevents lactation-induced osteopenia in rats

Pre-suckling calcium supplementation effectively prevents lactation-induced osteopenia in rats

Cortical bone maintenance in an historic Afro‐American Cemetery sample from Cedar Grove, Arkansas

Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with bone mineral density in children: a longitudinal study

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