Effect of cane wood and palm kernel fibre filler on the compressive strength and density of automobile brake pad

Obika, EN; Achebe, C. H.; Chukwuneke, J. L.; Ezenwa, ON

doi:10.1177/1687814020947611

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A variety of polymer composite materials based on cellulose fibers have been produced using different synthetic techniques. 2 These include rice husk-saw dust, 3–5 jatropha curcas seedcake, 6 water melon peels, 7 bamboo, 8 bread fruit seed coat, 9,10 palm kernel fibre, 11–13 cork-based composite, 14,15 cane wood, 15,16,17 etc. Aguele and Madufor, 13 studied the effect of carbonized coir on the physical properties of natural rubber composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of filler carbonization on agro-waste based ceiling board

Ezenwa

Obika

Andrew

et al. 2021

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This work presents the use as a filler of carbonized breadfruit seed coat and recycled low density polyethylene as the binder in ceiling board manufacturing. The depulped bread fruit seed was carbonized for 2 h at a temperature of 500°C. The experimental design was set up using the Design Expert software. A total of 30 experimental tests were developed for four parameters and three responses. The parameters are carbonized bread fruit seed coat/recycled Low Density Polyethylene mass ratio (filler-binder mass ratio), compaction time, compaction temperature and compaction pressure while the responses are thermal conductivity, thickness swell and water absorption. The models developed have been validated using the Study of Variance (ANOVA). Using the 3D surface map, the influence of the parameters on the responses was studied. The optimization method of the Design Expert program was used to evaluate the optimal level of the parameters that will produce the best possible result from their combination. The result gave optimal values of 16.206% filler/rLDPE, 9.406minutes compaction time, 200°C compaction temperature and 11 MPa compaction pressure, which gave 0.246% Water Absorption, 1.998% Thickness Swell and 2.898 W/M.K Thermal Conductivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of filler carbonization on agro-waste based ceiling board

Ezenwa

Obika

Andrew

et al. 2021

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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“…The compactness of the specimen and the nature of the filler contribute to the compressive strength of the whole material. Obika et al [72] obtained a compressive strength of 107.3 MPa alongside a density of 1.73 g/cm 3 . The density compares with commercial brake pads with the range (1.02-2.05) g/cm 3 .…”

Section: Comprehensive Strength Analysis and Young's Modulus Of Elast...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of eco-friendly brake pads using industrial and agro-waste materials

Dirisu,

Okokpujie,

Apiafi

et al. 2024

J. Eng. Appl. Sci.

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There has been an increase in research over the past decades into the use of environmentally friendly materials in brake pads, such as natural fibres. This is due to the possibility that natural fibbers could serve as an alternative to the noxious asbestos materials in tribological applications like brake pads. As a result, utilizing the compacting mould technique, an asbestos-free friction material was developed using agricultural waste (coconut shell and oil bean stalk) as a filler element, alongside aluminium dross, metal chip industrial wastes and carbon black. The filler material considered had particles as small as 300 μm, with epoxy resin serving as the binding agent. Using these waste materials can help reduce environmental pollution and the risk to animal and plant life (Preeti et al., Pharma Innov J 7:94–102, 2018; Sajib, A Study on the effects of environmental pollution on human life in the riverbank area of Barishal City Corporation (Kirtankhola River), 2021). This research aimed to replace asbestos in brake pads due to its carcinogenic nature, reducing the health risks associated with manufacturing and using these brake pads. The brake pad materials were cast and produced using square wooden moulds. Four samples were created, comprising the same mixing ratio but varying in reinforcement fibre and particle size, with epoxy resin used as the matrix. Various tests were conducted on these samples, including a water absorption test, specific gravity test, compressive strength test, hardness test, thermal conductivity, SEM and EDX. The developed brake pads underwent microscopic characterization and structural examination using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental characterization. Thermal conductivity was obtained using automated Lee’s Disc apparatus. Comprehensive strength analysis was conducted using a universal testing machine (UTM).The specific gravity tests yielded values for the developed composites in the range of 1.136–1.257, while the commercial brake pad had a value of 2.081, indicating that the produced samples were lighter and less dense. The water absorptivity of the developed samples ranged from 0.95 to 2.174%, while the commercial brake pad had a value of 1.031%. For the hardness tests, at three different loads, the developed values ranged from 16.4HV3 to 19.4 HV3; 26.4HV30 to 28.7HV30; and 25.5HV100 to 29.6HV100, while the commercial brake pad had values of 16.5HV3, 28.4HV30 and 28.2HV100.Sample C (212 μm: coconut shell powder) exhibited the most desirable characteristics with five values: water absorptivity 0.95, compressive strength 120.5 MPa, hardness value 29.6 HV100, wear resistance 0.099 mm/mm3, specific wear rate 1.00 mm3/Nm. The outstanding values were attributed to the chemical composition, particle sizes and good interfacial bonding of the microstructure.The developed brake pads performed favourably when compared with the existing commercial brake pads. The chemical tests showed that the natural fibres bonded well with the epoxy matrix. The thermal and mechanical tests yielded comparable results with the values obtained from the commercial brake pads. Therefore, the developed materials for brake pads can be considered suitable replacements for asbestos brake pads.

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“…EN Obika et al 44 analyzed the use of Palm Kernel fiber (PKF) and cane wood fiber in the mechanical performance of brake pads. In this study, epoxy, and hardener as two-component resin in the ratio of 2:1 reinforced with PKF are used.…”

Section: Performance Of Polymeric-based Brake Padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in polymeric and metallic brake pads: A comprehensive review

Bilvatej,

Naveen,

Karthikeyan

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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The use of asbestos in brake pads is being eliminated due to its carcinogenic effect. Due to this, there is a need for better alternative in the brake pad material to replace asbestos fibers. This leads to the development of more natural fibers/filler-based brake pads which are safer to the environment, cheaper, and readily available. Moreover, bio fillers-based brake pads have shown excellent performance compared to asbestos. This paper addresses the different composition of brake pad materials and manufacturing techniques. Common binders like epoxy resin, Phenolic resin-based brake pads were analyzed and its effect on the mechanical, tribological, and thermal performance were critically analyzed. Also, the performance of metal matrix-based brake pad has been analyzed in detail. It has been observed that utilizing natural fibers as a reinforcement provides an excellent braking performance compared to metallic and carbon fiber-based brake pads. This research will open new avenues towards “Net Zero.”

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Effect of cane wood and palm kernel fibre filler on the compressive strength and density of automobile brake pad

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of filler carbonization on agro-waste based ceiling board

Effect of filler carbonization on agro-waste based ceiling board

Development of eco-friendly brake pads using industrial and agro-waste materials

Progress in polymeric and metallic brake pads: A comprehensive review

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