Effect of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage

Darling, Mark; Arendorf, T. M.; Coldrey, N. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1990.tb00852.x

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This factor would be worth analysing longitudinally, taking into account the daily rhythm of smoking and the number of cigarettes per day. On the other hand, cannabis use does not seem to predispose subjects to fungal colonization but to play a part in the abundance of the C. albicans growth [Darling et al, 1990].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Extent of Oral Fungal Flora in 353 Students and Possible Relationships with Dental Caries

Moalic¹,

Gestalin

Quinio³

et al. 2001

Caries Res

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An epidemiological study was conducted on 353 students to determine the potential relationships between oral saprophytism with Candida albicans and dental status. For each student included, an interview, a dental examination, a mycological investigation and determination of oral pH were conducted. Various factors liable to affect the presence of oral fungus were investigated unsing the χ² test. 58.6% of samples were positive when cultured, with C. albicans in 93.7% of cases. The mean DMF index was 7.6. C. albicans was more frequently isolated in men, smokers, when pH was lower than 7, when dental plaque was abundant and when the time since the teeth had last been brushed was more than 8 h. DMF and F indexes were greater when C. albicans was present but not when it was abundant, while decay was more often present in subjects with abundant C. albicans. Although the specific role of the various factors is difficult to establish, the results suggest that further research to elucidate the possible role of C. albicans in caries aetiology would be valuable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Extent of Oral Fungal Flora in 353 Students and Possible Relationships with Dental Caries

Moalic¹,

Gestalin

Quinio³

et al. 2001

Caries Res

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“…There is scant information on ECS activation during fungal infections, with the available information allowing us to say that, under in vitro conditions, cannabinoid compounds have antifungal activity [30,107], but that, in the host, the use of cannabis is associated with a high prevalence of oral candidiasis [104]. ECS activation is an important factor for this condition, present among cannabis users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the use of cannabis increases the prevalence of oral candidiasis [104], and that marijuana cigarettes may be contaminated with Aspergillus, in which case, their consumption leads to complicated medical conditions [105] including death [106]. On the other hand, the possible fungicide effect of compounds isolated from C. sativa has been under evaluation [30,107], testing the effects of THC, other cannabinoids, or any component of the ECS in general, on infections caused by fungi, using Candida spp.…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoregulatory Role of Cannabinoids during Infectious Disease

Hernández-Cervantes

Méndez-Dı́az²,

Prospéro-Garcı́a³

et al. 2017

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Although the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, including sleep and the immune response, its role during infections has not been fully studied. It is well known that the use of this drug increases susceptibility to infections because of the impact on the modulation of the immune system. Concerning the medicinal or recreational use of marijuana, its influence on the course of an infection, whether this has been caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and to a lesser degree, fungi, has been reported. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting the involvement of the ECS in the control and elimination of infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and some protozoa; in the case of fungi, few studies are available so far. The purpose of this review is to present the existing studies related to infections and the ECS, the microbicidal effects of compounds isolated from Cannabis sativa, and the association between marijuana use and the development of rare pathologies in specific diseases.

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“…29 The association between the presence of oral papilloma and cannabis smoking may be related to suppression of the immune response by cannabis 26 but the human papilloma virus may also play an important role. 26 Oral candidiasis and the intra-oral prevalence and density of candidal species are increased in cannabis smokers, 32 perhaps due to the presence of hydrocarbons in marijuana, which act as an energy source for certain candida species. 32 Additional factors such as compromised immune response due to chronic use of marijuana, poor denture hygiene, and nutritional factors should also be considered.…”

Section: Cannabis Use and Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

General and oral health implications of cannabis use

Hirsch²,

Johnstone³

2005

Aust Dental J

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Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, is the most frequently used illicit drug in Australia. Therefore, oral health care providers are likely to encounter patients who are regular users. An upward trend in cannabis use is occurring in Australia, with 40 per cent of the population aged 14 and above having used the drug. There are three main forms of cannabis: marijuana, hash and hash oil, all of which contain the main psychoactive constituent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabis is most commonly smoked, however it can be added to foods. THC from cannabis enters the bloodstream and exerts its effects on the body via interaction with endogenous receptors. Cannabis affects almost every system of the body, particularly the cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems. It also has acute and chronic effects on the mental health of some users. Therefore, chronic abuse is a concern because of its negative effects on general physical and mental health. Cannabis abusers generally have poorer oral health than non-users, with an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Cannabis smoke acts as a carcinogen and is associated with dysplastic changes and pre-malignant lesions within the oral mucosa. Users are also prone to oral infections, possibly due to the immunosuppressive effects. Dental treatment on patients intoxicated on cannabis can result in the patient experiencing acute anxiety, dysphoria and psychotic-like paranoiac thoughts. The use of local anaesthetic containing epinephrine may seriously prolong tachycardia already induced by an acute dose of cannabis. Oral health care providers should be aware of the diverse adverse effects of cannabis on general and oral health and incorporate questions about patients' patterns of use in the medical history.Key words: Cannabis, oral health, THC.Abbreviations and acronyms: DMF = decayed, missing, filled teeth in the secondary dentition; THC = delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

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Effect of cannabis use on oral candidal carriage

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

The Extent of Oral Fungal Flora in 353 Students and Possible Relationships with Dental Caries

The Extent of Oral Fungal Flora in 353 Students and Possible Relationships with Dental Caries

Immunoregulatory Role of Cannabinoids during Infectious Disease

General and oral health implications of cannabis use

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