“…In order to meet the requirements of modern circuit system functions, the concept of TSV vertical switching has been proposed and simulated [10,11,12,13]. During the fabrication of the TSV, thermal stress is generated around the TSV after thermal annealing due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of various materials [14,15,16,17,18,19]. Mobility is a function of stress, and even if stress does not have a destructive effect on the structure, it can affect the mobility of the substrate device, which in turn affects the overall performance [20,21,22,23].…”