1978
DOI: 10.1007/bf00609760
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Effect of capsule colour and order of administration of hypnotic treatments

Abstract: Ninety-six hospitalized insomniac patients were asked to compare by a daily questionnaire the effect on sleep of the colour of the capsules and the order of administration of two treatments--heptabarbital and placebo. A balanced incomplete-block design was used; sleep onset time and sleep duration time were the main criteria of assessment. There was a significant interaction of colour and order of administration with sex. The placebo response was positive in 36% of instances.

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Cited by 35 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…Over the years, a number of studies have assessed whether changing the colour of the medication has a significant effect on efficacy (e.g., Lucchelli, Cattaneo, & Zattoni, 1978;Shapira, McClelland, Griffiths, & Newell, 1970;also see De Craen, Roos, de Vries, & Kleijnen, 1996, for a review). The typical finding that has emerged from much of the previous research is that changing the colour of a medicine can indeed influence perceived efficacy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the years, a number of studies have assessed whether changing the colour of the medication has a significant effect on efficacy (e.g., Lucchelli, Cattaneo, & Zattoni, 1978;Shapira, McClelland, Griffiths, & Newell, 1970;also see De Craen, Roos, de Vries, & Kleijnen, 1996, for a review). The typical finding that has emerged from much of the previous research is that changing the colour of a medicine can indeed influence perceived efficacy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When administered without information about whether they are stimulants or depressives, blue placebo pills produce depressant effects, whereas red placebos induce stimulant effects (Blackwell, Bloomfield, & Buncher, 1972). Patients report falling asleep more quickly after taking a blue capsule than after taking an orange capsule (Luchelli, Cattaneo, & Zattoni, 1978). Red placebos seem to be more effective pain relievers than white, blue, or green placebos (Huskisson, 1974;Nagao, Komia, Kuroanagi, Minaba, & Susa, 1968).…”
mentioning
confidence: 95%
“…La compañía Mars, creadora de las pastillas de chocolate coloreadas M&M's, colorea de azul sólo el 10% de sus unidades, frente al 30% que aparecen de color marrón, y el 20% de rojas o amarillas. La razón podría encontrarse en que la preponderancia del color azul en los alimentos tóxicos para el ser humano ha generado evolutivamente una desconfianza que se ha ido incorporando a nuestro genoma.Pero tal vez esa toxicidad sea específica-mente sedativa, estupefaciente, limitante de la conciencia y de la actividad, porque según parece, el color azul y el verde, en medicamentos activos o en placebos, se perciben como depresivos o sedativos, mientras que el amarillo y el naranja, se viven como estimulantes [2][3][4][5]. En un trabajo, ya comentado en esta sección, y realizado en Italia, se encontró que en la ansiolisis preoperatoria el placebo de color azul provocaba insomnio en los varones y sedación en las mujeres, lo que hizo que los autores propusieran que las mujeres italianas podrían asociar el color azul con la visión reconfortante y tranquilizadora de la Virgen María, mientras que los varones italianos lo harían con su selección nacional de fútbol, lo que les produciría excitación e insomnio [2].…”
Section: Para Gustos Son Los Coloresunclassified