Effect of carbon black on the electrical and creep characteristics of EPDM rubber

Khaled, M. A.; Elwy, A.; Metwally, E.E.

doi:10.1016/0167-577x(94)90178-3

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Results reveal that the addition of carbon‐based fillers greatly increases the microhardness of polymeric matrices. Earlier research using indentation tests to learn the mechanical properties of carbon black–polymer composites was mainly concerned with elastomeric matrices systems 17–22. A few articles reported on the hardness of carbon black–semicrystalline composites 23, 24.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of filler structure on microhardness of carbon black-polymer composites

Flores

Cagiao

Ezquerra

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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The microhardness, H, of carbon black–polycarbonate and carbon black–low‐density polyethylene composites was investigated. Two types of microadditives with different average particle sizes were employed. It has been shown that the morphology of the polymeric matrix conspicuously influences the hardness dependence of the composites with volume concentration of filler, ϕ. The microhardness of the carbon black–polycarbonate composites shows a steplike behavior with respect to carbon black content, while the H value of the carbon black–low‐density polyethylene composite linearly increases with increasing ϕ. The influence of filler structure on the microhardness of the carbon black–polymer composites is also discussed. Results favor the concept that a smaller carbon black particle size (smaller aggregate diameters and interaggregate distances) enhances the microhardness of the composites. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 90–95, 2001

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of filler structure on microhardness of carbon black-polymer composites

Flores

Cagiao

Ezquerra

et al. 2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…Also, the glass transition temperature (T g ) was calculated from the dynamic complex shear moduli as the temperature where the loss modulus was at a maximum using the following equation: 5,6 tan␦ ϭ GЉ GЈ .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The dynamic properties of elastomers filled with structured fillers are influenced by different factors such as the type of filler, volume fraction of filler, and strain recovery. [5][6][7][8][9] Rubbers are viscoelastic in nature and their deformation properties are time and stress dependent. Creep describes the deformation of materials with time under constant stress and provides extremely important practical information on the reliability and lifetime of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interrelation among network structures, molecular transport of solvent, and creep behaviors of TiB₂ ceramic containing butyl rubber composites

El-Tantawy

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Swelling of polymer composites in solvents has become one of the major problems in the use of polymer composites exposed to petroleum products. As a possible solution to the problem, this experimental study was conducted to examine the potential application of TiB 2 ceramic in butyl rubber (IIR) composites. The effect of TiB 2 content on the curing kinetics of IIR composites was studied using a torque rheometer technique. The effect of TiB 2 on the network structure was investigated in terms of the crosslinking density, interparticle distance between conducting particles, surface tension, glass transition temperature, degree of crystallinity, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis. Moreover, the effect of TiB 2 content on the molecular transport of solvent (kerosene) was examined by means of degree of swelling, solvent interaction parameters, volume fraction of rubber, interparticle distance after swelling, penetration rate of solvent, mean diffusion coefficient, cohesive energy density of polymer, standard entropy, standard enthalpy, and standard free energy of IIR composites. It was ascertained that with increasing TiB 2 content the degree of swelling shifts to a lower value. The main reason was interpreted as the introduction of good interface adhesion of TiB 2 with rubber matrix, which tends to block the diffusion of solvent molecules. The effect of TiB 2 content on hardness, tensile strength, Young's modules, and elongation at break is discussed. An apparent steady-state creep of butyl rubber IIR/ TiB 2 composites is evident under different constant stresses at room temperature. The strain rate of steady-state creep showed a dependence on stress and TiB 2 volume fraction. The stress sensitivity parameter, viscosity coefficient, and activation volume for samples loaded with different content of TiB 2 were estimated. It is apparent that these new composites should be very useful for solvent permeation resistance at high TiB 2 loading level with good mechanical properties.

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“…10,11 Studies of electrical conductivity and creep characteristics of EPDM rubber loaded with carbon black indicated that the conduction in these materials is of metal-like type and that the increase of C.B content enhances the hardness of the samples. 12 However, such high conductivity is sometimes not required or even undesirable for some practical purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 However, study of literature showed that little attention has been directed to the effect of inorganic additives on mechanical and dielectric properties of EPDM rubber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chromium chloride on the mechanical and dielectric properties of EPDM rubber

et al. 2003

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Measurements of Young's modulus, dielectric loss and a.c. conductivity have been carried out on EPDM rubber samples loaded with different concentrations of CrCl 3 (0,2,4 and 6 phr). The values of Young's modulus was found to be linearly dependent on the CrCl 3 content. Variation of the dielectric loss with temperature showed that CrCl 3 may act as plasticizer. However, at higher frequencies the dielectric loss was found to be independent of frequency and the rubber samples may behave as non-polar dielectric. Investigations of the a.c conductivity suggested that the conduction in these rubber samples can be described by small polaron tunneling. In addition, conductivity was found to increase with CrCl 3 content.

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Effect of carbon black on the electrical and creep characteristics of EPDM rubber

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of filler structure on microhardness of carbon black-polymer composites

Influence of filler structure on microhardness of carbon black-polymer composites

The interrelation among network structures, molecular transport of solvent, and creep behaviors of TiB₂ ceramic containing butyl rubber composites

Effect of chromium chloride on the mechanical and dielectric properties of EPDM rubber

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Effect of carbon black on the electrical and creep characteristics of EPDM rubber

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of filler structure on microhardness of carbon black-polymer composites

Influence of filler structure on microhardness of carbon black-polymer composites

The interrelation among network structures, molecular transport of solvent, and creep behaviors of TiB2 ceramic containing butyl rubber composites

Effect of chromium chloride on the mechanical and dielectric properties of EPDM rubber

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The interrelation among network structures, molecular transport of solvent, and creep behaviors of TiB₂ ceramic containing butyl rubber composites