Effect of Carbon Matrix on Electrochemical Performance of Si/C Composites for Use in Anodes of Lithium Secondary Batteries

Lee, Eun Hee; Jeong, Bo Ock; Jeong, Seong Hun; Kim, Tae Jeong; Kim, Yong Shin; Jung, Yongju

doi:10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.5.1435

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…5 One of these, enabling a better contact between silicon and carbon, is mechanical mixing or ballmilling of silicon particles with an organic carbon precursor, which is then converted into carbon by pyrolysis in inert atmosphere. Various carbon precursors were reported in the literature, some of them more common than others, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), [27][28][29][30][31] poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), 32,33 sucrose, 26,33 poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), 31 polyacrylonitrile (PAN), 34 polystyrene (PS), 35 pitch 26,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and other resins. [43][44][45] In some cases, carbon materials, such as graphite 27,28,34,37,41,44,45 or carbon nanotubes, 30 were added to the precursor mixture before the pyrolysis process to enhance carbon content.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Properties and Cycle Life of Si/C Composites as Performance-Enhancing Additives to Graphite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Schott

Gómez-Cámer

Novák

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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With its high theoretical specific charge, silicon is a promising candidate as electrode additive to enhance specific charge of graphite electrodes for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. We prepared Si/C composites by a two-step procedure: the ballmilling of silicon nanoparticles with a carbon precursor for homogenization, followed by a carbonization step. The effects of the carbon source and the carbonization parameters on the physical and electrochemical composite properties were identified. Longer cycle life was reached for graphite electrodes containing Si/C composites than with silicon nanoparticles simply mixed with carbon black, and the extent of the improvement was dependent on the physical properties of Si/C composite. A carbon host with a larger pore volume -obtained using sucrose precursor, especially at lower heat-treatment temperatures, -enabled a more efficient buffering of the silicon volume changes. However, this did not define good cycling stability. The electrochemical performance was found, instead, being significantly affected by the contact between the silicon nanoparticles and the carbon matrix, and by the structure of the latter. The stacking and in-plane ordering of the graphitic domains in the amorphous carbon -tuned by the precursor nature and the heat-treatment temperature -were crucial for effectiveness of lithiation/delithiation processes. Graphite, due to its very negative reaction potential and its performance stability, is the most common negative electrode material in current lithium-ion batteries. However, limits of its theoretical specific charge (372 mAh g −1 ) have already been reached and, therefore, it is impossible to increase energy density of the battery any further using graphite alone. One promising candidate to replace graphite in negative electrodes is silicon, which has a high theoretical specific charge of 3575 mAh g −1 (forming Li 15 Si 4 ), and whose reactions occur in a potential window similar to graphite. In addition, silicon is abundant, cheap and environmentally friendly, and due to this has attracted a lot of attention in the last twenty years.1-5 However, silicon-containing electrodes suffer from strong performance fading due to significant volume changes of silicon particles during cycling. 2,3,6 These volume changes lead to cracking of the electrode and/or silicon particles, and to disconnection of silicon from the conductive network, which in turn leads to loss of utilizable active material. Moreover, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is damaged after each cycle and grows continuously on the newly exposed surface of silicon, trapping available lithium ions and consuming electrolyte. 7-10Several approaches were suggested in the literature to overcome these challenges. It was demonstrated that electrolyte additives, such as FEC, can prolong the cycle life of silicon-containing electrodes by improving the quality of the SEI on silicon.10-13 The electrode integrity can also be longer maintained if the common PVDF binder is replaced by water-soluble ...

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confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Properties and Cycle Life of Si/C Composites as Performance-Enhancing Additives to Graphite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Schott

Gómez-Cámer

Novák

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Notably, c-Gr + 15% Si delivers a high capacity of 485.3 mA h g –1 after 400 cycles at 1 A g –1 , with only 0.02% average capacity loss per cycle (except the first two activation cycles); this performance is better than that reported for similar materials (Table S1). − ,, According to Figure S6a, the capacity of the c-Gr + Si electrode is greater than that of the m-Gr + Si electrode because mixing Gr and Si directly leads to the agglomeration of active materials on the electrode. The capacity of m-Gr + Si is maintained at approximately 210–250 mA h g –1 , which is slightly higher than that of graphite (∼200 mA h g –1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimized composition, c-Gr + 15% Si, where c-Gr denotes calcined and etched graphite, delivers a high capacity of 485.3 mA h g −1 after 400 cycles at 1 A g −1 , with a capacity retention of 92.9% (only 0.02% average capacity loss per cycle), which is better than the performance of Si/graphite composite electrodes developed in similar studies. [18][19][20]23,27 The results presented could offer a guide for the practical application of Si/graphite composites.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Several methods of fabricating Si/graphite anode materials are available, including ball milling, spray-drying, , liquid solidification, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). ,, Blending Si and graphite through ball milling not only induces agglomeration of Si particles but also leads to the demolition of graphite. Lee et al reported low capacity retention (26% of its original capacity after 40 cycles) when spherical graphite was mixed with Si via ball milling directly. Sui et al reported a high capacity of 610 mA h g –1 and a capacity retention of 83.6% after 300 cycles with a ternary Si composite anode prepared via ball milling and spray-drying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chessboard-Like Silicon/Graphite Anodes with High Cycling Stability toward Practical Lithium-Ion Batteries

Chen

Cao

Wang

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The coutilization of silicon (Si) and graphite is a commercially viable method for realizing high-energy-density anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, the high cost and complicated manufacturing process for Si/graphite composite anodes hinder their practical application. Herein, a chessboard-like Si/graphite anode with a homogeneous distribution of Si on the surface of graphite was prepared using low-cost raw materials and processes compatible with industrial production methods. After optimizing the ratio between Si and graphite, the Si/graphite composite demonstrated a high reversible specific capacity of 522.4 mA h g −1 at 1 A g −1 after activation, along with excellent cycling stability with 92.9% capacity retention after 400 cycles. The chessboard-like distribution of Si particles in the electrode alleviates electrode swelling and improves capacity retention. A porous structure of Si was developed to buffer the volume expansion and increase the compatibility of the Si/graphite composite. The graphite functioned as a supporting and conductive matrix that provides transmission channels for Li + ions. Therefore, this structure of the Si/graphite composite contributes to its high specific capacity and excellent cycling performance.

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“…It was also suggested that the carbon coating stabilizes the SEI and enhanced the electrode electronic conductivity. 22 Different carbon sources were tested as pitch, [23][24][25][26][27] acetylene, 28 citric acid, 29 pVdF, 30 glucose, 31 or dopamine, 32 with different deposition methods as PVD, pyrolysis, solgel, or hydrothermal. 33 Graphene layers have also been studied and showed encouraging results thanks to their high thermal and chemical stability, their high flexibility, and good electronic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How carbon coating or continuous carbon pitch matrix influence the silicon electrode/electrolyte interfaces and the performance in Li‐ion batteries

et al. 2022

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The Si surface coating by carbon is an appealing strategy to improve both the electronic conductivity and to stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In the present study, the electrochemical performance comparison of three nanocrystalline silicon‐based electrodes confirms the advantage brought by the carbon presence either as coating or in a composite, to improve their performance in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). To rationalize this behavior, a full study of the electrode/electrolyte interface was achieved through the analysis of the cumulated relative irreversible capacity and the impedance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies measurements. The study highlighted that the carbon coating leads to more efficient and less resistive SEI than that formed on silicon or on the native oxide surface. The pitch carbon matrix offers the same advantages and avoids moreover the isolation of particles. The control of the Si/electrolyte interface has a crucial role in the performance of Si‐based electrodes as negative electrodes for LIB.

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Effect of Carbon Matrix on Electrochemical Performance of Si/C Composites for Use in Anodes of Lithium Secondary Batteries

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Relationship between the Properties and Cycle Life of Si/C Composites as Performance-Enhancing Additives to Graphite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Relationship between the Properties and Cycle Life of Si/C Composites as Performance-Enhancing Additives to Graphite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Chessboard-Like Silicon/Graphite Anodes with High Cycling Stability toward Practical Lithium-Ion Batteries

How carbon coating or continuous carbon pitch matrix influence the silicon electrode/electrolyte interfaces and the performance in Li‐ion batteries

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