Effect of Carbon Modification of Particles on Their Incorporation Rate during Electrodeposition

Soccol, Dimitri; Martens, Johan A.; Claessens, Serge; Fransaer, Jan

doi:10.1149/1.3599062

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, if sufficiently large concentrations are used, the increase or decrease in particle content can be easily distinguished, which is shown in Figure 19. The combination of BaSO 4 , K 1.33 Mn 8 O 16 and CaF 2 data presents a strong case for the enhancing effect of a positive surface potential and the depressing effect of negative surface potential on the electrolytic codeposition of particles with metals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Additions of K + will therefore lead to suppression of the rather large initial negative surface potential rather than changing its sign. While for most insoluble salts the initial ζ-potential is slightly negative and becomes strongly positive upon cationic pdi addition, K 1.33 Mn 8 O 16 shows the opposite behavior. This allows us not only to determine whether particle incorporation during electrocodeposition depends on the magnitude of the surface potential but also on its sign.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…BaSO 4 has the smallest average particle size (450 nm) and the narrowest distribution. CaF 2 is the largest of all particles (Figure 3), with a broad particle distribution and an average particle size of 1.1 μm, while the precipitated K 1 16 particles were composed of agglomerated platelets with an average particle size of 220-300 nm. Apparently, particles are formed by agglomeration of smaller flakes of approximately 50 nm diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ammonia-based plating solutions were self-buffering and had a natural pH-value of 11. Potential determining ions were added to obtain a concentration of 0.01 M to 0.05 M. K 1.33 Mn 8 O 16 and CaF 2 were only codeposited from alkaline plating baths, because they are soluble Table I. Composition of metal plating baths used to study particle codeposition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16] Also the sign and magnitude of the particle surface charge has been mentioned as an important factor and various authors believe that a positive surface charge aids codeposition. [17][18][19][20] During electroplating, the cathode is polarized negatively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Surface Charge on the Deposition Rate of Particles with Metals

Soccol

Ntumba-Ngoy

Claessens

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The influence of ζ-potential on the electrodeposition of particles with metals was investigated by the codeposition of three different types of particles (BaSO 4 , CaF 2 and K 1.33 Mn 8 O 16 ) with three different metals (nickel, copper and zinc) from seven different, unsupported (binary) and well-supported plating solutions across the whole pH range. The surface charge of the particles in the plating solutions was modified by adding potential determining ions that are electrochemically silent. The surface charging behavior of the different particles was determined in indifferent electrolytes and in diluted plating baths. In all cases, making the surface potential more positive increased the deposition rate of particles, while if the surface charge is reduced or made negative, the deposition rate of particles decreased. By comparing the magnitudes of the different forces acting on particles and how they are affected by changes in the surface charge of the particles, we conclude that the change in the codeposition are due to either a change in the mass transport of particles by the electrophoretic force or a change in the particle-electrode adhesion due to the double layer force.Electrodeposition of metals and alloys allows easy control over coating thickness and morphology, but the coating properties are restricted to those of the deposited metals. 1 To improve or add specific properties to the coating, particles can be added to the plating bath. As a result, metal matrix composite coatings are formed by incorporation of the particles in the coating during electrodeposition. During the past decades, the electrolytic deposition of such dispersion coatings has become an important industrial technology with applications such as wear resistance 2-6 and corrosion resistance. 7,8 Other, more recent applications include thermal regulation and thermal actuation by codeposition of phase change materials, 9,10 selflubricating coatings containing oil microcapsules 11 and permanent hydrophobicity. 12 The extent to which particles modify the coating properties is determined, to first order, by the amount of particles that are incorporated into the metal. Contrary to what one might expect, the amount of codeposited particles is often disappointingly low (below 1 vol%) despite the fact that particle concentrations of 100 g/L or more are used. Hence, ways have been sought to increase the rate of particle deposition and to understand why in some cases, the codeposition rate is so low.In the past, it was shown that the hydrophobicity and the surface conductivity of particles strongly influences their incorporation during electrodeposition. 13-16 Also the sign and magnitude of the particle surface charge has been mentioned as an important factor and various authors believe that a positive surface charge aids codeposition. [17][18][19][20] During electroplating, the cathode is polarized negatively. Thus it is not surprising that people believed that positively charged particles would be electrophoretically or electrostatically attra...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%