Effect of Carbon Sources in Carotenoid Production from Haloarcula sp. M1, Halolamina sp. M3 and Halorubrum sp. M5, Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Sonora Saltern, Mexico

Abstract

The isolation and molecular and chemo-taxonomic identification of seventeen halophilic archaea from the Santa Bárbara saltern, Sonora, México, were performed. Eight strains were selected based on pigmentation. Molecular identification revealed that the strains belonged to the Haloarcula, Halolamina and Halorubrum genera. Neutral lipids (quinones) were identified in all strains. Glycolipid S-DGD was found only in Halolamina sp. strain M3; polar phospholipids 2,3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl-3-sn-glycerol (PG), 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-3′-sn-glycerol-1′-methyl phosphate (PGP-Me) and sodium salt 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol were found in all the strains; and one unidentified glyco-phospholipid in strains M1, M3 and M4. Strains M1, M3 and M5 were selected for further studies based on carotenoid production. The effect of glucose and succinic and glutamic acid on carotenoid production was assessed. In particular, carotenoid production and growth significantly improved in the presence of glucose in strains Haloarcula sp. M1 and Halorubrum sp. M5 but not in Halolamina sp. M3. Glutamic and succinic acid had no effect on carotenoid production, and even was negative for Halorubrum sp. M5. Growth was increased by glutamic and succinic acid on Haloarcula sp. M1 but not in the other strains. This work describes for first time the presence of halophilic archaea in the Santa Bárbara saltern and highlights the differences in the effect of carbon sources on the growth and carotenoid production of haloarchaea.

Antioxidant Capacity of Carotenoid Extracts from the Haloarchaeon Halorhabdus utahensis

“…No studies about optimized conditions were carried out at this stage, as our purpose was only to compare the carotenoid yield in relation to the different sugars used. Three sugar concentrations were selected (2, 10, and 20 g/L) for the following reasons: 2 g/L is the concentration indicated in the recipe for medium 927 (DSMZ catalogue), 10 g/L is a common sugar concentration used in growth media [21,22], and 20 g/L was chosen to evaluate whether a higher concentration favored a greater production of biomass and consequently, of carotenoids. All sugars allowed the microorganism growth except 2% xylose (Figure 1).…”

“…The influence of different sugars on carotenoid production in Haloarchaea has been poorly investigated so far. Some studies described comparisons among sugars and compounds of different nature, such as the work of Vázquez-Madrigal et al [22]. Glucose, succinic acid, and glutamic acid affected in a different manner the growth and carotenoid production of three Haloarchaea isolated from Sonora Saltern, Mexico.…”

Carotenoid pigment of Halophilic archaeon Haloarcula sp. A15 induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells

“…Yeast extract was the most appropriate nitrogen source for carotenoids production, resulted in weight 258.09 μg/L, and the highest growth rate, i.e., for a period of 144 h with 1.87 A 600 nm mL −1 broth was observed using yeast extract (Figure 2). 27 …”

“…We extracted carotenoid (CE) from strain of H. archaea collected from hypersaline lake in Iran. Glucose metabolism is variable in halophiles; it is degraded via different variants of the ED pathway 27 . The effect of glucose on growth and pigmentation in strain A15 was evaluated so that 690 μg/L of carotenoids were produced, but a significantly higher yield of carotenoids production (734.1 μg/L) was observed when fructose was considered as the carbon source.…”

“…Glucose metabolism is variable in halophiles; it is degraded via different variants of the ED pathway. 27 The effect of glucose on growth and pigmentation in strain A15 was evaluated so that 690 μg/L of carotenoids were produced, but a significantly higher yield of carotenoids production (734.1 μg/L) was observed when fructose was considered as the carbon source. Our results suggest that the effect of glucose on pigment production depends on the species.…”