Effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell stored and fresh extracts on cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License A laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of cashew nut shell extract in the control of cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) under prevailing laboratory conditions. Fresh ethanolic and stored extract of cashew nut shell served as treatments which were compared with untreated control. Data collected on adult mortality, total number of emerged progeny (adults), number and weight of damaged seeds (seeds with holes) and undamaged seeds (seeds without holes) and percentage seed weight loss, and average number of seeds per 50 g in a container and the data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and significant different means were separated using Duncan`s Multiple Range test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that treated plants generally performed better than the untreated. The different rates of treatment recorded significant differences (P <0.05) in causing adult mortality compared to the untreated control. The different rates of treatment also recorded significant differences (P <0.05) in emergence of F1 adults of each treatment compared to the control. It was also noted that the extract reduced or suppressed the weight loss and grain damage as a result of treatment with the extract compared to the untreated control. However, freshly extract of cashew nut shell recorded the highest adult mortality rate and lowest emergence while control had the lowest mortality rate and highest emergence of the insect. The rates of application were indicative of bioactive characteristics of the extract.

Effectiveness of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) with Bait Formulation Against Iridomyrmex cordatus as a Vector of Cocoa Pod Rot Disease Caused by Phytophthora palmivora

“…Likewise, the trial of 17.5 g carbaryl also performed a significant sign with less ant population than the concentration of 1% of CNSL and the control. The CNSL extract affects the controlling activities of insects an effect that had been reported by many authors such as Callosobruchus maculatus 23 , 3rd-stage of Aedes aegypti larvae 21 and 3rd-stage and 4th-stage of A. aegypti larvae 16 . The scoring average of ant population density was about 2.25 but it seemed to have a much higher than trials of 10 and 20% concentration.…”

“…Not just insect repellent role, antibacterial and antifungal are other roles of the substances of CNSL since it consists of anacardate acid aiming to break the pathway of Prostaglandin synthetase 18 . This enzyme has a vital role in prostaglandin development to support the physiological and reproductive systems of insects 23 .…”

Impact of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) and moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves-based biopesticides on major insect pests and predators associated with white-seed melon (Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin)

“…(Brassicales: Moringaceae), due to their nutritional and medicinal properties (Baptista et al, 2018;Gandji et al, 2018) [6,13] . These plants have exhibited considerable potentials in effectively managing pests, specifically those affecting stored products (Buxton et al, 2017;Babatunde et al, 2021) [7,5] . For instance, laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the efficacy of aqueous moringa extracts in controlling pests of cabbage and watermelon (Alao et al, 2018;Ogbonna et al, 2021) [2,18] .…”

“…Similarly, extracts from A. occidentale, such as cashew nut shell liquid, cashew seed powder, and extracts of cashew leaves, have been identified as valuable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. These extracts have proven effective in reducing the population of pests like Callosobruchus maculatus, C. sibinnotatus, and Sitophilus oryzae and inhibiting the emergence of larvae of pests such as Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda (de Carvalho et al, 2019; Babatunde et al, 2021) [9,5] . Moringa and cashew extracts are particularly beneficial as they pose no harm to humans, the environment, and beneficial arthropods like parasitoids, pollinators, and predators.…”