Effect of Cassava Leaf Meal Supplementation on In vitro Digestibility of Ammoniated Palm Leaf Enriched with Sulphur and Phosphorus Minerals

This research aimed at the intake, digestibility, production, and milk quality of Etawa crossbreeds dairy goat (ECDG) fed conventional mixed forage; tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) (T) and cassava leaves (CL) with palm kernel cake concentrate (PKCC). A completely randomized design (four treatments and four replications) was used in this study. The treatments consisted of followings: A was company rations (50% company forages + 50% company concentrate(CC)), B (50% (T+CL) + 40% CC + 10% PKCC), C (50% (T+CL) + 30% CC + 20% PKCC), D (50% (T+CL)+ 20% CC + 30% PKCC). The variables analyzed were as follows; milk production, milk quality (total solid, lactose, protein, fat, solid non-fat, water content, specific gravity, pH, Ca and P minerals), dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), crude protein intake (CPI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD). Data analysis used analysis of variance—a further test to determine differences between treatments using Duncan's multiple ranges. The Analysis showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, digestibility, production, and milk quality. Using palm kernel cake concentrate and a mixture of tithonia and cassava leaves was able to maintain the feed intake, feed digestibility, production, and milk quality of ECDG. Replacement of company forages with a mixture of cassava and tithonia and replacement of company concentrate with PKCC did not affect the intake, digestibility, production, and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat's milk. The combination of 50% (cassava and tithonia) + 10% company concentrate + 40% PKCC was able to maintain the intake, digestibility, production, and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat milk.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production Performance, Feed Intake and Nutrient Digestibility of Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats Fed Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), Cassava Leaves and Palm Kernel Cake Concentrate

2023

“…The expanding residential areas are further reducing the supply of animal feed forage, while the cost of concentrate is steadily increasing. Arief et al (2018a) and Suyitman et al (2017; emphasize the urgent need to explore alternative feeds to enhance livestock productivity and business efficiency. Therefore, there is a critical requirement to identify various options for forage and concentrates that provide excellent nutritional quality and promote high production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Evaluation and Nutrient Digestibility of Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goats Fed Mirasolia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium, Indigofera zoolingeriana, and Palm Concentrate

2023

This study investigates the impact of unconventional forage mixtures, which include Mirasolia diversifolia (Md), Gliricidia sepium (Gs), Indigofera zoolingeriana (Iz), and palm concentrate (PC), as a substitute for company rations on the feeding, nutrient digestibility, dairy output, and quality of milk in Etawa mixed-breed dairy goats. The study was conducted using a design known as a completely randomized design, involving four distinct ration treatments and replicated four times. The research treatments were as follows: Treatment A served as the company's feed management (60% company forage + 40% company concentrate (CC)), B (60% (Md+Gs) + 15% CC + 25% PC), C (60% (Gs+Iz) + 15% CC + 25% PC), D (60% (Md+Iz) + 15% CC + 25% PC). The parameters measured were ration consumption, nutrient digestibility, milk production and quality. The results showed an insignificant impact (P>0.05) on ration consumption, nutrient digestive efficiency, dairy output, and milk quality. In summary, this study concludes that the use of unconventional forage mixtures consisting of Mirasolia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium, Indigofera zoolingeriana, and palm concentrate is able to replace company rations as seen in the parameters of consumption, nutrient digestibility, dairy output and milk quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat's milk.

“…The study by Suyitman et al (2017a) observed that cassava leaves, which are recognized for their content of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, had percentages of 8. 75, 8.43 and 4.4, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Food Consumption of Etawa Crosbreed Dairy Goats Fed Gliricidia sepium, Concentrate of Palm Kernel Cake and Cassava Leaves

2023

The objective of this research was to assess the consumption, digestive efficiency, productivity, and milk quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goats (ECDG) when they were provided with a diet comprising conventional mixed forage, cassava leaves (CL), Gliricidia sepium (Gs), in addition to palm kernel cake concentrate (PKCC). In this research, a fully randomized design was employed, which included four treatments and four replications. The treatments were defined as follows: Treatment A consisted of company rations, which included a combination of 50% company forages and 50% company concentrate (CC). Treatment B involved a diet comprising 50% Gliricidia sepium and cassava leaves (Gs+CL), 35% CC, and 15% PKCC. Treatment C utilized 50% (Gs+CL), 25% CC and 25% PKCC, while Treatment D incorporated 50% (Gs+CL), 15% CC, and 35% PKCC. The variables under investigation included: the quality of milk (lactose, total solid, water content, protein, fat-free solids, fat, density and acidity level), consumption of organic material (OMI), efficiency of organic matter breakdown (OMD), milk production, intake of dry matter (DMI), intake of crude protein (CPI), digestibility of crude protein (CPD), and digestibility of dry matter (DMD). Data interpretation made use of analysis of variance, with an additional examination provided for detecting dissimilarities among treatments through Duncan's multiple range method. The results of this analysis showed that variables such as digestibility, milk quality, milk production, and feed intake were not significantly affected by the treatment (P>0.05). The utilization of PKCC, along with a blend of G. sepium and cassava leaves, effectively sustained feed digestibility, milk quality, feed intake, and production in ECDG. Substituting the forage provided by the company with a combination of G. sepium and cassava, and substituting the concentrate provided by the company with PKCC, did not result in any noticeable effects on milk quality, production, intake, or Etawa crossbreed dairy goats' digestibility. The mixture comprising 15% company concentrate, 35% PKCC, and 50% cassava and G. sepium successfully maintained milk quality, production, digestibility, and milk consumption in Etawa crossbreed dairy goats.