Effect of castration procedure on the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in goat kids

Terzi̇

et al. 2021

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Pain causes behavioral, autonomic, and neuroendocrine changes, resulting in animal welfare degradation (Steagall et al., 2021). It has been found that fish have nociceptors that transmit painful stimuli and are quite similar to those found in mammals (Chatigny et al., 2018;Sneddon, 2012). Noxious stimulation causes adverse behavioral and physiological changes in various fish species (Sneddon, 2003(Sneddon, , 2012. Therefore, analgesics are recommended for painful and inflammatory conditions, such as trauma-related injuries, cutaneous ulceration, and surgical operations, in fish (Greene et al., 2020;Weber, 2011).Opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for pain management in veterinary medicine. In clinical studies in fish, NSAIDs did not cause significant side effects, while opioids caused adverse effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (Chatigny et al., 2018). NSAIDs show analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes responsible for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid (Sneddon, 2012). COX-1 is constitutively expressed throughout the body and is of particular importance in maintaining normal physiological functions, and COX-2 is the inducible form, expression of which is enhanced by growth factors, cytokines, and other inflammatory stimuli (Hawkey, 2001). Rainbow

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plasma concentrations of meloxicam were assayed using the HPLC‐UV (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) according to the previous method (Tekeli et al, 2020; Turk et al, 2021). Briefly, the 200 μl of methanol containing 0.1% formic acid was added to a 100 μl of fish plasma sample followed vortexed for 40 s and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock following intravascular, intramuscular, and oral administrations

Terzi̇

et al. 2021

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“…Plasma concentrations of MLX (Tekeli et al, 2020a), CRP (Ascalone & Bo, 1983), and TA (Corum et al, 2018) were determined by HPLC− UV system (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) according to the previously defined method. Briefly, 100 μl of quail plasma samples were transferred to microcentrifuge tubes.…”

Section: Quantification Of Plasma Nsaid Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, carprofen, and tolfenamic acid after intramuscular and oral administration in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Türk

Tekeli

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX), carprofen (CRP), and tolfenamic acid (TA) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) following intramuscular (IM) and oral administration at doses of 1, 10, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 72 quails were randomly divided into 3 equal groups as MLX, CRP, and TA. Each group was separated into two sub‐groups that received IM and oral administration of each drug. Plasma concentrations of MLX, CRP, and TA were determined using HPLC‐UV and analyzed by non‐compartmental method. The t1/2ʎz and MRT of MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration were similar to those after IM administration. The Vdarea/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.28, 2.05, and 0.20 L/kg. The Cl/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.12, 0.19, and 0.09 L/h/kg. MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration showed significantly lower Cmax and longer Tmax compared with IM administration. The relative bioavailability of MLX, CRP, and TA following oral administration in quails was 76.13%, 61.46%, and 57.32%, respectively. The IM and oral route of MLX, CRP, and TA can be used for the treatment of various conditions in quails. However, further research is necessary to determine the pharmacodynamics and safety of MLX, CRP, and TA before use in quails.

“…Since the COX‐1/COX‐2 ratio of carprofen is >1 in sheep (5.3–6.3), it has inhibition, especially on COX‐2 (Cheng et al, 2003; Mitchell, 2005). Carprofen has advantages such as a low risk of gastric irritation, and a longer elimination half‐life than other NSAIDs including tolfenamic acid, meloxicam, ketoprofen, and flunixin meglumine used in veterinary medicine (Corum et al, 2018; CVMP, 1995; Tekeli et al, 2020; Turk, Tekeli, Durna Corum, et al, 2021, Welsh et al, 1993). Carprofen is recommended for use in musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis, surgery or trauma pain, respiratory disease, and mastitis (Papich, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of carprofen following single and repeated intravenous administrations of different doses in sheep

Coşkun

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of carprofen following single and repeated intravenous (IV) administrations at 1.4 and 4 mg/kg doses in sheep. The study was carried out on twelve sheep in two experiments as single‐ and multiple‐dose pharmacokinetics. In experiment 1, carprofen was administered via IV at single doses of 1.4 (n = 6) and 4 mg/kg (n = 6) in a randomized parallel design. In experiment 2, the same dose groups in experiment 1 following the 21‐day washout period received intravenously carprofen every 24 h for 5 days. Plasma concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography–UV and analyzed by a two‐compartment open model. After the single administration of 1.4 mg/kg dose, the t1/2α, t1/2el, MRT, ClT, Vdss, and AUC were 0.62 h, 27.57 h, 38.78 h, 2.72 ml/h/kg, 105.26 ml/kg, and 515.12 h*μg/ml, respectively. Carprofen at a single dose of 4 mg/kg showed prolonged t1/2el and MRT, and increased Vdss. On day 5 after the repeated administration of the 1.4 mg/kg dose, the t1/2α, t1/2el, MRT, ClT, Vdss, and AUC were 1.12 h, 57.48 h, 82.18 h, 0.55 ml/h/kg, 45.43 ml/kg, and 2532 h*μg/ml, respectively. Carprofen at a repeated dose of 4 mg/kg showed increased ClT and Vdss and decreased AUC/dose. Although the long t1/2ʎz in single and multiple IV dose studies suggest the possibility of its effective use, the IV route may not be practical in sheep. Therefore, oral and subcutaneous routes of carprofen in sheep would be more valuable in clinical settings.