Effect of Catalyst Addition on Subatmospheric Burning Surface Temperature of Composite Propellants

Abstract

The subatmospheric burning with its higher catalytic effectiveness, lower temperature gradient, and slower combustion wave offers a tting environment to study the effect of catalysts on the burning surface temperature of composite propellants. Using platinum and platinum-13% rhodium 7.5-m thermocouples in uncatalyzed as well as copper-chromite-catalyzed ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene composite propellants, the subatmospheric-burning surface temperatures were measured. The results of the present experimental study are in close agreement with the established trend; the surface temperature increases with the increase in pressure. Some experimental studies of others failed to give an observable change in surface temperature with pressure. This is argued to be because of the dimensional inadequacy of detectors in the very high-temperature-gradient environment. The measured surface temperature of the catalyzed propellant is signi cantly higher than that of the uncatalyzed one. The study shows that the increased surface and subsurface heat release caused by catalyst addition causes this temperature enhancement. Nomenclature c = speci c heat, J/(kg K) p = pressure, bar Q l = heat loss, J/kg Q s = heat release, J/kg r = steady burning rate, m /s T = temperature, K T amb = ambient temperature, K T s = burning surface temperature, K t = time, s x = length or distance, m = thermal diffusivity, W/(m 2 K) = thermal conductivity, W/(m K) = density, kg/m 3 Subscripts amb = ambient g = gas phase p = propellant s = surface or solid phase tra = transition