Effect of catalyst and temperature on the quality and productivity of HTL bio-oil from microalgae: A review

Sharma, Nidhi; Jaiswal, Krishna Kumar; Kumar, Vinod; Vlaskin, Mikhail S.; Nanda, Manisha; Rautela, Indra; Tomar, Mahipal Singh; Ahmad, Waseem

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.147

Cited by 73 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Recent experimental observations have reported HTL biocrude yields from 0.094 to 0.44 for wastewater sludge, only with the higher end approaching the target. Future research may include the use of acid or alkaline catalyst or optimize the separation across the HTL phases to further improve the biocrude yields and increase the financial viability of the HTL-based process. For the other two parameters (HTL aqueous yield and hydrotreating yield), though they were identified as key drivers, experimental works have demonstrated performance that already exceeds the proposed targets: HTL aqueous yield target of 0.254, with reported achievements up to 0.36, and hydrotreating yield target of 0.883, with reported achievements of 0.82 to 0.95 ,− ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Opportunity Space for Sustainable Hydrothermal Valorization of Wet Organic Wastes

Feng,

Li,

Strathmann

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Resource recovery from wet organic wastes can support circular economies by creating financial incentives to produce renewable energy and return nutrients to agriculture. In this study, we characterize the potential for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)based resource recovery systems to advance the economic and environmental sustainability of wastewater sludge, FOG (fats, oils, and grease), food waste, green waste, and animal manure management through the production of liquid biofuels (naphtha, diesel), fertilizers (struvite, ammonium sulfate), and power (heat, electricity). From the waste management perspective, median costs range from −193 $• tonne −1 (FOG) to 251 $•tonne −1 (green waste), and median carbon intensities range from 367 kg CO 2 eq•tonne −1 (wastewater sludge) to 769 kg CO 2 eq•tonne −1 (green waste). From the fuel production perspective, the minimum selling price of renewable diesel blendstocks are within the commercial diesel price range (2.37 to 5.81 $• gal −1 ) and have a lower carbon intensity than petroleum diesel (101 kg CO 2 eq•MMBTU −1 ). Finally, through uncertainty analysis and Monte Carlo filtering, we set specific targets (i.e., achieve wastewater sludge-to-biocrude yield >0.440) for the future development of hydrothermal waste management system components. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of HTL-based resource recovery systems to reduce the costs and carbon intensity of resource-rich organic wastes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Opportunity Space for Sustainable Hydrothermal Valorization of Wet Organic Wastes

Feng,

Li,

Strathmann

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Because hydrothermal liquefaction has such a high potential for conversion of different types of biomacromolecules into bio-crude, it applies to a wide range of microalgae and wet biomass. Though catalysts are different based on their chemical nature, structure, etc., it was found that few of them produced the same yields which are interesting but still in-depth discussion must be done to verfy the same [127,128].…”

Section: Bio-crude Yieldmentioning

confidence: 94%

A review on bio-crude production from algal biomass using catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction process

Venkatachalam¹,

Sekar²,

Ravichandran³

et al. 2022

Environmental Engineering Research

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The rising demand for cleaner energy among the nations has turned the focus from fossil fuel-based energy sources to renewables like biomass, solar, wind, etc. Biomass conversion to fuel has increased research in recent times due to its ease and availability throughout the year. Hydrothermal liquefaction is the process where biomass converts to a liquid product via complex reaction mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass and the improvements in the bio-crude yield using heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Many references have been reviewed to provide the sources for the process and have been critically well structured. This review also provided information regarding the reaction pathway for algal biomass and the effects of process parameters like temperature, residence time, pH, etc. The focus of the review is on the effects of various catalysts based on their dosage whose results collected from various sources have been tabulated. The review briefly discusses the applications of products formed during hydrothermal liquefaction after post-processing.

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“…Halder et al [62] showed 72%-76% of bio-oils were distilled in the range of 200 • C-550 • C by TG analysis, and it demonstrated the feasibility of applying HTL to produce bio-oil. Moreover, Usami et al [63] and Sharma et al [64] studied the performance between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts to improve the production of bio-oil in hydrothermal carbonization. Rapid pyrolysis for bio-oil production was a process in which the biomass was thermochemically transformed by a rapid temperature increase to 450 • C-600 • C under anoxic conditions.…”

Section: Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biofuel powering the sustainable transport with a low-carbon emission: a review

Tao,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Prog. Energy

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Energy consumption from transport has been increasing at a fast rate and become a major sector, which takes 29% of total global energy demand. Since transport energy consumption primarily relies on fossil fuels, it has resulted in serious carbon emissions and environmental degradation. Moreover, the volatility prices of fossil fuel and unstable international security have attracted keen interest for many developing and industrialized countries looking for sustainable and clean alternatives. Liquid biofuels, including but not limited to bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-jet fuel, are considered as the most promising alternative and more expansive role in powering sustainable transport, for its carbon neutral and low-emissions properties. Liquid biofuels contribute 4% of transport in 2020 and have been foreseen to continuously grow. Liquid biofuels can be produced by diverse technologies and commercialized in various ways, easy-adapt to technical and policy challenges. Major challenges include technical bottleneck, initial and operational cost, byproduct treatment, and associated environmental concern. This paper critically reviews: (1) Categories and production of different liquid biofuels; (2) Application scenarios of liquid biofuels; (3) Environmental impact assessment of liquid biofuels; (4) Opportunities and challenges of liquid biofuels; (5) Future perspectives. Each type of liquid biofuel requires specific production processes and has a strong correlation with biomass raw materials. Liquid biofuels find extensive applications in transportation, aviation, and other functional domains. In addition, the life cycle assessment of liquid biofuels is carried out from the numerous aspects of raw materials, pretreatment, production process, and application. Furthermore, this study analyzes the related policies, highlighting the challenges associated with the unstable supply of clean energy, raw materials, and quality control. Finally, the future perspectives of liquid biofuels were presented. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic understanding of liquid biofuels, covering their production and applications from multiple perspectives, while offering insights into future developments.

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Effect of catalyst and temperature on the quality and productivity of HTL bio-oil from microalgae: A review

Cited by 73 publications

References 100 publications

Characterizing the Opportunity Space for Sustainable Hydrothermal Valorization of Wet Organic Wastes

Characterizing the Opportunity Space for Sustainable Hydrothermal Valorization of Wet Organic Wastes

A review on bio-crude production from algal biomass using catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction process

Liquid biofuel powering the sustainable transport with a low-carbon emission: a review

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