Effect of catalyst synthesis parameters on the metal particle size

Mäki‐Arvela, Päivi; Murzin, Dmitry Yu.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2012.10.012

Cited by 120 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…In order to synthesize Ni-based catalysts with high performance, there are several preparation methods to produce MCM-41 supported Ni catalysts, such as deposition precipitation [4], impregnation [5], ion-exchange [6], in situ incorporation [7], chemical vapor or atomic layer deposition [8], etc. In consideration of the simplicity and practicability of the loading-mode catalyst preparations, the most common method is the use of impregnation using aqueous solutions of nickel salts, such as nickel nitrate [9]. Unfortunately, even at nickel loading below 10 wt %, the use of conventional impregnation could result in the appearance of intense NiO XRD reflections after calcination, indicating the formation of large NiO particles [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, even at nickel loading below 10 wt %, the use of conventional impregnation could result in the appearance of intense NiO XRD reflections after calcination, indicating the formation of large NiO particles [1,5]. Based on pioneering research work [1,[9][10][11][12][13], we have disclosed one simple and practical co-impregnation method using…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Hydrogenolysis of Guaiacol over Highly Dispersed Ni/MCM-41 Catalyst Combined with HZSM-5

Qiu

Weng

et al. 2016

Catalysts

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Abstract:A series of MCM-41 supported Ni catalysts with high metal dispersion was successfully synthesized by simple co-impregnation using proper ethylene glycol (EG). The acquired Ni-based catalysts performed the outstanding hydrogenolysis activity of guaiacol. The effects of the synthesis parameters including drying temperature, calcination temperature, and metal loading on the physical properties of NiO nanoparticles were investigated through the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The drying temperature was found to significantly influence the particle sizes of NiO supported on MCM-41, but the calcination temperature and metal loading had less influence. Interestingly, the small particle size (≤3.3 nm) and the high dispersion of NiO particles were also obtained for co-impregnation on the mixed support (MCM-41:HZSM-5 = 1:1), similar to that on the single MCM-41 support, leading to excellent hydrogenation activity at low temperature. The guaiacol conversion could reach 97.9% at 150 • C, and the catalytic activity was comparative with that of noble metal catalysts. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) performance was also promoted by the introduction of acidic HZSM-5 zeolite and an 84.1% yield of cyclohexane at 240 • C was achieved. These findings demonstrate potential applications for the future in promoting and improving industrial catalyst performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Hydrogenolysis of Guaiacol over Highly Dispersed Ni/MCM-41 Catalyst Combined with HZSM-5

Qiu

Weng

et al. 2016

Catalysts

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“…Consequently, combining the suppressing ability of Pt towards the ethylbenzene formation and the catalytic advantages of hierarchical ZSM-5 would be of great interests. On the other hand, it is well known that calcination at high temperatures in air causes Pt particle sintering, which decreases the dispersion of Pt and further influences its hydrogenation activity [20,21]. Direct reduction of the supported Pt precursor in hydrogen flow could reduce the change of Pt particle caused by calcinations [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Activity of Pt Modified Hierarchical ZSM-5 Catalysts in Benzene Alkylation with Methanol

Zhang

Cen

et al. 2014

Catal Lett

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Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite showed an improved performance as compared to conventional ZSM-5 catalysts in the alkylation of benzene with methanol. However, ethylbenzene yet remains as a major problem. In this study, we modified hierarchical ZSM-5 with Pt to evaluate the alkylation of benzene with methanol in a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor. It was found that Pt modified hierarchical ZSM-5 could successfully combine the catalytic advantages of hierarchical ZSM-5 and the high suppression of Pt to ethylbenzene formation. Moreover, employing direct reduction could improve the utilization of Pt by avoiding Pt particles sintering.

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“…When metal particles are prepared using the chemical reduction method with NaBH 4 , their particle size is strongly dependent on the pH of the solution. 10 The IR-corrected potentials for the Ru/C anodes prepared at different pH are shown in Figure 2. The anode performance with respect to both the UOR onset potential and potential drop was improved slightly by an increase in pH.…”

Section: ¹1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct Urine Fuel Cell Operated at Intermediate Temperatures

2014

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Direct utilization of urine in fuel cells is a promising technology for conversion into electricity. Here, we report the design of anode materials for high-temperature direct urine fuel cells and the performance of a fuel cell with an optimized anode at 300°C. The resultant peak power densities reached 16.7 mW cm ¹2 for urine and 26.5 mW cm ¹2 for urea.Human urine can be regarded as an alternative energy source to fossil fuels because it is an abundant waste product that includes urea, creatinine, uric acid, and ammonia as hydrogen carrier compounds. In particular, urea contains a gravimetric hydrogen content of 6.7 wt %, 1 which constitutes a high energy density when used as a fuel. In addition, this substance is nonflammable and nontoxic in contrast to other hydrogen carrier chemicals. On the other hand, a large amount of digestion gas is produced by anaerobic digestion in sewerage disposal plants; however, ca. 30% of the mass of digestion gas is incinerated without being used.In this study, we have developed a direct urine fuel cell using the unused digestion gas as a heat source. Operation of a fuel cell at elevated temperatures makes the anode catalyst more active to reductants in the urine, which allows for the low polarization resistance of the anode. Furthermore, there is the possibility that such reductants are internally reformed to more reactive compounds over the anode, which further reduces the polarization resistance. Two types of fuel cells have been proposed for direct urine utilization in fuel cells: alkaline membrane 2,3 and microbial fuel cells. 4 However, they are both operated at low temperatures with respective power densities of 4 mW cm ¹2 (alkaline membrane fuel cell) and 5 mW m ¹2(microbial fuel cell), which are much lower than those of hydrogen-powered fuel cells. As the production cost of human urine is substantially close to zero, high power density may not necessarily be required for this type of fuel cell. Nevertheless, further increase in the power density would enhance the position of direct urine fuel cells as the preferred energy conversion devices for practical applications.Hydroxide ion conductors and cathodes were important substances in this study. The hydroxide ion conductor used was Sn 0.92 Sb 0.08 P 2 O 7 because this material possesses a hydroxide ion conductivity of ca. 0.05 S cm ¹1 in the temperature range above 0.01 S cm ¹1 between 100 and 300°C. 5 Sn 0.92 Sb 0.08 P 2 O 7 was prepared in a similar manner to that reported previously. 6 A total of 0.04 g of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) powder was added to 1.00 g of Sn 0.92 Sb 0.08 P 2 O 7 powder, followed by kneading with a mortar and pestle, and then cold-rolling to a thickness of 150¯m using a laboratory rolling mill. The cathode used was Pt/nitrogen-doped graphene, which exhibited higher activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and better thermal stability, compared to conventional Pt/C cathodes. This electrode powder was synthesized according to a previously reported procedure.7 Pt/C, Ru/C, Ni/C, Pd/C, and Rh/...

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Effect of catalyst synthesis parameters on the metal particle size

Cited by 120 publications

References 101 publications

Efficient Hydrogenolysis of Guaiacol over Highly Dispersed Ni/MCM-41 Catalyst Combined with HZSM-5

Efficient Hydrogenolysis of Guaiacol over Highly Dispersed Ni/MCM-41 Catalyst Combined with HZSM-5

Catalytic Activity of Pt Modified Hierarchical ZSM-5 Catalysts in Benzene Alkylation with Methanol

A Direct Urine Fuel Cell Operated at Intermediate Temperatures

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