Effect of catalysts on the reactivity and structure evolution of char in petroleum coke steam gasification

Study on the evolution of the char structure during hydrogasification process using Raman spectroscopy

“…8e). Similar trends of the ratios were observed by Li et al [12] for Australian brown coal chars during CO 2 gasification and Li et al [16] for petroleum coke during steam gasification.…”

“…Numerous instrumental techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [15], X-ray diffraction (XRD) [16] and Raman spectroscopy (RS) [17], have been developed and improved by many researchers for characterizing char structure. Among these three techniques, Raman spectroscopy is a very powerful and promising method for evaluating the structural features of highly disordered carbon materials [18] because of high sensitivity to crystalline, molecular and amorphous structures of carbonaceous materials [19] and the minimal influence of minerals [14,20,21].…”

“…RS analysis can also be used to investigate structural evolution during chemical reaction. Li et al [16] investigated the effect of catalysts on the reactivity and structural evolution of petroleum coke during steam gasification using the RS. He reported that the catalysts can stimulate the crackdown of larger aromatic ring systems into small aromatic ring systems.…”

Effects of alkali-oxygen oxidation temperature on the structures and combustion properties of Shengli lignite

“…32 The strong peak shape of the g band could be attributed to the saturated structures of lipid and alicyclic chains, which illustrated the presence of the rich alicyclic structures in coal. The 100 peak at [43][44][45] is attributed to the condensation degree of the aromatic ring and the size of the aromatic carbon network layer. 33 Origin-lab 8.5 soware was used for "Gauss tting method" tting of the XRD patterns in the 2q region of ( Fig.…”

“…The S bands represented sp 3 -rich structures such as alkyl-aryl C-C structures and methyl carbon dangling to an aromatic ring. 44 The I S /I G ratio decreased aer the AOO treatment at different temperatures. Aer the treatment of AOO, the contents of the side chains on the aromatic nucleus decreased, and it came to the lowest value when the temperature of AOO fell in the range of 150-200 C. The higher value of I GL /I G ratio indicated higher content of carbonyl groups.…”