Effect of cellulose nanocrystal supplementation on the stability of castor oil microemulsion

Gunarto, Chintya; Hsu, Hao-Yen; Go, Alchris Woo; Santoso, Shella Permatasari; Truong, Chi Thanh; Ju, Yi‐Hsu; Angkawijaya, Artik Elisa

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115181

Cited by 3 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[28][29][30][31] Eight different formulations of CO-based MEs were prepared according to the composition aforementioned and indicated in Figure 1, with two types of aqueous phase, deionized water, and 0.7 wt.% CNC suspension. Although having a transparent solution is often the first indicator in formulating MEs, 13 the hydrodynamic diameter (HD) is also an important parameter to ensure that MEs are successfully formulated, which is normally found between 20-200 nm. 3 To confirm the formation of ME, the HD of the different ME were determined and presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of CNC tends to serve as an additional surfactant and stabilizer, which suppresses the HD of the ME as previously observed for CO-based MEs formulated with 5 wt.%. 13 In view of formulations having higher CO (10-28 wt.%), the addition of ASX did not drastically increase the hydrodynamic diameter (Figure 2d-h). The observed slower increase in the HD could be attributed to the better solubility of ASX in CO as compared to the aqueous phase, with high CO in ME formulation having a better capacity to be loaded with ASX.…”

Section: Effect Of Astaxanthin Loading On Co-based Microemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Location of different microemulsion (ME) formulation in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of CO, tween 80/ethanol = 2 as S mix , and aqueous phase, formulated within the ME region based on previously determined and reported data 6,13 at 25 C at a fixed angle of 90 . Samples were diluted 100-fold with deionized water to avoid multiple scattering.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic Diameter Zeta Potential and Polydispersity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The addition of CNC suspension 0.7 wt.% as an aqueous phase into the CO-based ME formulation suppresses the increase in hydrodynamic diameter to only 4.98%, compared to formulations without CNC where the hydrodynamic diameter increase up to 32.48%, during storage. 13 Regarding the anti-microbial activity, few studies have reported MEs in various materials. Studies by Alkhatib et al 14 reported ME formulated with ethyl decanoate as oil phase, cremophor EL as a surfactant, transcutol as cosurfactant, and deionized water as water phase, with encapsulation of cephalosporin resulted in higher anti-microbial property compared to ME alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an earlier work on formulating CO-based ME, the composition of 5 wt.% CO, 85 wt.% of S mix , and 10 wt.% of deionized water or CNC suspension have been found to have a stable hydrodynamic diameter over 90 days. 6,13 However, formulation and characterization of ME with different CO compositions have not been explored. To develop a better understanding of the CO-based ME, the composition of MEs was formulated with different amounts of CO, tween 80/ethanol, and with two types of aqueous phase: deionized water and CNC suspension 0.7 wt.%, which were subsequently loaded with different amounts of ASX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity and stability of castor oil‐based microemulsions with cellulose nanocrystals as a carrier for astaxanthin

Gunarto

et al. 2022

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Microemulsions (MEs) are explored for its use in various food and drug formulations and applications. It is an amphiphilic material, consisting of oil phase, surfactant mixture, and aqueous phase. Castor oil (CO), which has antiinflammatory and analgesic activities, was used as the oil-phase in the ME formulations. Stability and activity of CO-based ME were investigated along with the influence of encapsulating astaxanthin as lipophilic drug and the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as pickering agent. Regression model for predicting hydrodynamic diameter of astaxanthin-load (400 ppm) was explored with predictors being the weight fraction of CO, surfactant mixture, and CNC amount in the ME. Microemulation size is dependent on the oil-phase and amount of drug loaded, with CNC potentially improving the stability of ME with high CO fraction. The concentration at IC 50 was reduced from 494.47 to 52.25 μl/ml as the fraction of CO in ME formulation increased between 5 and 28 wt.% for free-radical scavenging activity. The same phenomenon was observed for anti-microbial assay, allowing 94.9% and 93.9% inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth, respectively. These results confirmed that CO-based MEs are promising as the topical drug delivery, especially as the carrier for the hydrophobic compound.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Astaxanthin Loading On Co-based Microemulsionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Hydrodynamic Diameter Zeta Potential and Polydispersity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity and stability of castor oil‐based microemulsions with cellulose nanocrystals as a carrier for astaxanthin

Gunarto

et al. 2022

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Development of a novel microemulsion towards improved stability of Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim. oleoresin

Zhang

Gao³

et al. 2022

Food Sci. Technol

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Pseudoternary Phase Diagram and Antibacterial Activity of Microemulsion-Based Citronella Oil

Gunarto,

Go,

Angkawijaya

et al. 2024

Indones. J. Chem.

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Citronella oil (CTO) is extracted from citronella leaves by maceration or steam distillation process, which has antibacterial and insect-repellent activities. However, the use of CTO is limited and requires modification in other formulations, such as microemulsion (ME), to increase its bioactivities. ME consists of oil, water, surfactant and/or cosurfactant and is commonly applied in food and beverages, cosmetics, and carrier for drug delivery applications. CTO was used as the oil phase for ME with nonionic surfactant and ethanol as a cosurfactant for lowering interfacial tension between oil and water phase. Subsequent observations regarding stability and antibacterial tests were carried out on ME formulations with surfactant/cosurfactant mixture of 2 due to its largest ME area. A hydrodynamic diameter analysis was also carried out to see the stability of the ME within a period of 50 d. ME with 10% CTO, 30% surfactant mixture, and 60% water showed the best formulation observed from the consistent hydrodynamic diameter measurement. In addition, ME with different formulations could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by more than 90%. From this research, CTO-based ME potentially improve and develop drug carrier applications, especially via topical route.

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Effect of cellulose nanocrystal supplementation on the stability of castor oil microemulsion

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Activity and stability of castor oil‐based microemulsions with cellulose nanocrystals as a carrier for astaxanthin

Activity and stability of castor oil‐based microemulsions with cellulose nanocrystals as a carrier for astaxanthin

Development of a novel microemulsion towards improved stability of Zanthoxylum piasezkii Maxim. oleoresin

Pseudoternary Phase Diagram and Antibacterial Activity of Microemulsion-Based Citronella Oil

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