Effect of Cereal Aphid Infestation on Grain Yield and Percentage Protein of Barley, Wheat, and Oats in Southwestern Quebec

Ba-Angood, S. A.; Stewart, R. K.

doi:10.4039/ent112681-7

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the cage experiment R. padi caused serious damages both in grain yield and thousand-kernel mass of winter wheat genotypes studied, and this agrees with the data of Kolbe (1970) and Ba-Angood & Stewart (1980b). The three-year' average performances of the genotypes for infestation severity, grain yield and thousand-kernel mass clearly show that real genetical resistance differences exist in the wheat material studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in winter wheat varieties

Papp

Mesterházy

1993

Euphytica

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In Hungary the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is the most frequent aphid species in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Estimations of infestation by R. padi as well as measurements of grain yield and thousand-kernel mass were carried out in 26 winter wheat genotypes in conditions of naturally infested and not infested (protected) control plots. The experiment was performed in isolated conditions in two field cages covered by nets. The aphids overwintered on wheat and got into cage, extremely quickly multiplied, therefore there was no need to apply any artificial aphid infestation. Highly significant differences were demonstrated among genotypes in infestation severity of R. padi as well as in losses of grain yield and thousand-kernel mass. The most resistant variety 'GK Zombor' had 25% infestation, and the most susceptible one 'GK Lili' had 79.2%. The reduction of grain yield of the most tolerant genotypes ('GK Kor~iny', 'Downy', 'Mv 4', 'Jubilejnaja 50', 'Mv 8', 'GK Kincs6' and 'GK Zombor') was 26-33 %, and that of thousand-kernel mass was 23-30%. The most sensitive genotypes ('GK Lili', 'GK Orzse', 'GK Kopp~iny' and 'Mv 13') suffered 58-63% losses in yield, and 40-50% in thousand-kernel mass. A close correlation was found between infestation of R. padi in different wheat genotypes and losses of grain yield (r = 0.7572, P < 0.001). Also there were tolerance differences among genotypes even within the same level of infestation. The reductions of thousand-kernel mass correlated very closely with the reductions of grain yield (r = 0.9212, P < 0.001), that makes screening possible by reductions of thousand-kernel mass. These results have found application in breeding. The leaf pubescence of the varieties studied did not generally influence the infestation by R. padi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In the spring, heavy infestations by aphids can kill young wheat plants, but more usually, aphid feeding results in poor root growth and a reduction in tiller number (Russell, 1978). They can reduce also thousand-kernel mass, grain yield and quality (Rautap~i~i, 1968;Ba-Angood & Stewart, 1980b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in winter wheat varieties

Papp

Mesterházy

1993

Euphytica

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“…Aphid feeding on plant sap causes significant reduction in grain protein (Ba-Angood & Stewart, 1980). Aphids may also cause damage by injecting toxic salivary secretions during feeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and diversity of wheat aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran

Rakhshani¹,

Tomanović²,

Starý³

et al. 2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Eleven species of parasitoids were found to attack 7 species of wheat aphids in Iran. The Simpson's Index of diversity (D) used to compare the aphidiine diversity in various cereal crop systems in geographically different regions of Iran ranged from 0.197 to 0.488, depending on locality. There were significant differences among species diversities at different altitudes. The central highlands (1000-1500 meters above mean sea level) were the areas with the most diverse aphid parasitoid complex, differing significantly from that at lower and higher altitudes. We found that altitude explained about 10% of the cereal aphid parasitoid distribution pattern in Iran. Species of the genus Aphidius Nees were the most abundant and widely distributed. These were Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetski, Aphidius colemani Viereck and Aphidius matricariae Haliday. A. uzbekistanicus, Ephedrus plagiator (Nees) and Ephedrus persicae Froggat were encountered mainly on the plains at lower altitudes. Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) was mainly recorded at higher altitudes in Iran along with its dominant parasitoid species, Diaeretiella rapae (MIntosh). The fact that Iran is close to the presumed area of D. noxia origin (Central Asian submountains) could be very important in further biological control efforts against this pest aphid. According to our results, Aphidius ervi Haliday is a very rare parasitoid of cereal aphids in Iran, which contrast with its high abundance in Europe and North America.

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“…). Their importance as pests is considered to be mainly as vectors of plant viruses, however, when abundant they can damage cereal plants directly (Vereijken ; Riedell and Kieckhefer ) as well as indirectly (Vereijken ; Rossing and van de Wiel ) and have a negative effect on yield (Ba‐Angood and Stewart ; Liu et al. ; Hansen ; Kieckhefer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aphids on cereals are important pests and extensively studied (Dixon 1987;Dedryver et al 2010). Their importance as pests is considered to be mainly as vectors of plant viruses, however, when abundant they can damage cereal plants directly (Vereijken 1979;Riedell and Kieckhefer 1995) as well as indirectly (Vereijken 1979;Rossing and van de Wiel 1990) and have a negative effect on yield (Ba-Angood and Stewart 1980;Liu et al 1986;Hansen 1991;Kieckhefer et al 1995;Milne and Delves 1999). Although aphids live on all parts of cereal shoots those most harmful in terms of decrease in yield are those that inhabit the ears (Carter et al 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual predictions of the peak numbers of Sitobion avenae infesting winter wheat

Honěk

Martinková

Dixon

et al. 2016

J Applied Entomology

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Sitobion avenae is the most abundant aphid that infests the ears of winter wheat in central Europe. Control of this pest will benefit from prediction of its maximum abundances on ears. We attempted to predict the maximum numbers of this species infesting the ears using earlier counts of this species in ears and on leaves using data collected in the Czech Republic in 2002–2014. The numbers of aphids on particular leaves and the ears were recorded at weekly intervals. The maximum numbers infesting the ears were significantly related to aphid counts on the ears made 1 week, 2 weeks and even 3 weeks before the peak. A regression based only on plots where there were aphids (non‐zero aphid counts) recorded 3 weeks prior to the peak resulted in a critical number of ≥0.44 aphids/ear, which if exceeded resulted in a harmful maximum abundance of ≥5 aphids/ear at the peak. We also regressed maximum numbers infesting ears on numbers of S. avenae on leaves recorded 1, 2 and 3 weeks after earing, which all resulted in reliable predictions. Regression of maximum abundance on non‐zero aphid counts on the leaves in week 3 after earing revealed a critical number of ≥0.59 aphids/tiller. Zero aphid counts resulted in only 3% of cases of a harmful maximum abundance in ears. Using records of the numbers on flag leaves, which make up 58% of the S. avenae population present on the foliage, also provided reliable predictions of maximum abundance in ears. Predicting maximum numbers of aphids from earlier records of the numbers of aphids on leaves or ears is thus possible. The prediction may be further improved by increasing the precision with which the numbers of aphids initially infesting the crop are estimated.

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Effect of Cereal Aphid Infestation on Grain Yield and Percentage Protein of Barley, Wheat, and Oats in Southwestern Quebec

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in winter wheat varieties

Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in winter wheat varieties

Distribution and diversity of wheat aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran

Annual predictions of the peak numbers of Sitobion avenae infesting winter wheat

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