Effect of Cerium and Lanthanum Additives on the Phase Composition of the Copper-Nickel Alloys

Abstract

An experimental study of the phase composition for nine samples of the Cu–Ni–Ce–La alloys with different content of components was carried out. The nickel concentration in the experimental samples varies from 3 to 40 wt. %, the sum of cerium and lanthanum concentrations was not exceed 7 wt. %. Alloys samples of the system Cu–Ni–Ce–La were studied using scanning electron microscopy and microprobe analysis, as well as X-ray analysis. Also, Vickers micro hardness was measured on the cross sections of the experimental samples. In this work, the conditions of intermetallic compounds formation in the as-cast samples were studied. The results of the work can be used for the technological processes analysis of copper and copper-based alloys production.

Modeling the distribution of rock mass and native copper output by size classes during crushing

“…As you know, the average copper content in the main geological and industrial types of copper deposits is from 0.2 to 6.0 % (for example, for cuprous sandstones and shale 1.0-6.0 %, for deposits of native copper 1.0-2.5 %) [8]. The lower limit of the conditions for copper ore is the copper content in the ore 0.35-0.50 %, for oxidized ores, according to world practice, this limit is higher -from 0.7-1.0 % at which its industrial use is technically possible and economically expediently [9].…”