Effect of cerium on the primary carbides and inclusions in electroslag remelted M35 high speed steel

Zheng, Dingli; Ma, Guojun; Li, Jing; Cho, Jung-wook; Xiang, Zhang; Liu, Mengke; Zhu, Junlin

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.05.044

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…Сучасний стан досліджень щодо створення умов для встановлення характеру взаємодії між сталлю, шлаком і неметалевими включеннями досить докладно описано у роботах [13,[17][18][19][20][21]. Так, неметалеві включення (НВ) в металі, що переплавляється, представлені переважно оксидами, сульфідами, частково -оксисульфідами і оксинітридами.…”

Section: спеціальні методи литтяunclassified

Analysis of defects and non-metallic inclusions distribution in high-strength TWIP steel Fe-25Mn-12Al-1.5C after electroslag remelting

Voron,

Semenko,

Tymoshenko

et al. 2023

Met. lit’e Ukr.

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TWIP steels belong to the list of the most innovative materials of our time due to the combination of a high mechanical characteristics level and low density. The most high-strength alloys usually contain about 25-30 wt. % manganese and about 10 wt. % aluminum. Production of such steels is complicated by the peculiarities of their chemical composition. Due to the high content of manganese and aluminum, they are prone to components liquation by density, have a greater number of shrinkage defects and an increased number of sulfides, nitrides and oxides non-metallic impurities. This determines the use of effective refining methods, which include electroslag remelting (ESR). The paper shows a comparison of Fe-25Mn-12Al-1.5C alloy structure, type and amount of non-metallic inclusions after induction melting and after refining electroslag remelting. Electron microscopy of the samples and local chemical analysis of the phases showed a large number of non-metallic inclusions — sulfides, phosphides, and oxynitrides. After refining process, it was shown that electroslag remelting contributes to a noticeable decrease of nitrogen and sulfur content, and as the result — it lowers the number of related of non-metallic inclusions. However, it seems to be an insufficiently effective method of refining materials like TWIP-steels. Relatively large size of the non-metallic inclusions, low phosphides refining ability and the crystallization conditions under which a directionally crystallized structure forms, may be noticed among the disadvantages of the ESR method. It was also established that in crystallizer zones, close to the bottom and walls, metal refines worse than its central volumes. Upper part of the ingot has shrinkage and sub-shrinkage zones enriched with gas-shrinkage defects, so it can be called a problem zone. In general, it is shown that the ESR method is not capable to solve a problem of refining high-manganese TWIP steels with a high aluminum content to the required extent.

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Section: спеціальні методи литтяunclassified

Analysis of defects and non-metallic inclusions distribution in high-strength TWIP steel Fe-25Mn-12Al-1.5C after electroslag remelting

Voron,

Semenko,

Tymoshenko

et al. 2023

Met. lit’e Ukr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Study on Evolution Behavior of Carbides in Industrial‐Grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 High‐Speed Steel Produced by Electroslag Remelting

Liang,

Li,

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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In order to optimize the heating schedule before forging and improve the breaking and deformation effects of carbides in high‐speed steel, it is of great significance to study the transformation of M2C carbides at high temperatures. The evolution of carbides in the industrial‐grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 steel produced by electroslag remelting (ESR) is analyzed and observed using thermodynamic calculations and experimental methods. The results indicate that the carbides in the ESR ingot are mainly MC and M2C, and the microstructures of M2C carbides with the highest volume fraction are lamellar and brain like. As the heating temperature increases and holding time prolongs, the lamellar M2C carbides gradually transform into MC and M6C carbides, accompanied by protrusion, dissolution, separation, and spheroidization of the microstructure, until significant coarsening occurs at 1180 °C for 90 min. The newly transformed carbides are embedded and stacked with each other, occupying the original position of M2C carbides. Based on the theories of Gibbs free energy and atomic diffusion, the evolution mechanism of M2C carbides is discussed. Ultimately, the appropriate heating schedule is proposed, and it is validated by combining the characteristics of carbides after forging.

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Wear Properties and Characterization of T15 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing, Forging, and Vacuum Heat Treatment

Jiang,

Liang,

Lai

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Effect of heat treatment (HT) on T15 high‐speed steel (HSS) prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and forging processes using electrode induction melting gas atomization powder is successfully studied; their microstructure, friction, and wear properties are in comparison. The lowest friction coefficient and wear rate are achieved in the forging plus HT T15 HSS. Simultaneously, the minimum wear profile depth and dimension are also obtained in the forging plus HT one. The prior particle boundaries produced by HIP are overtly eliminated, and the grains are refined and evenly distributed after forging and HT processes. The refined microstructure after forging plus HT promotes improvement of friction and wear performance. Wear mechanisms for samples prepared by different processes are discussed. The microstructure is characterized by high‐angle angular dark field‐scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and white light interferometer. This work proves that HSS products with high wear properties can be prepared by appropriate HIP + forging + HT processes.

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Effect of cerium on the primary carbides and inclusions in electroslag remelted M35 high speed steel

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Analysis of defects and non-metallic inclusions distribution in high-strength TWIP steel Fe-25Mn-12Al-1.5C after electroslag remelting

Analysis of defects and non-metallic inclusions distribution in high-strength TWIP steel Fe-25Mn-12Al-1.5C after electroslag remelting

Study on Evolution Behavior of Carbides in Industrial‐Grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 High‐Speed Steel Produced by Electroslag Remelting

Wear Properties and Characterization of T15 High‐Speed Steel Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing, Forging, and Vacuum Heat Treatment

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