Effect of Cetane Number with and without Additive on Cold Startability and White Smoke Emissions in a Diesel Engine

Hara, Hiroaki; Itoh, Yasuhiko; Henein, Naeim A.; Bryzik, Walter

doi:10.4271/1999-01-1476

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Cold start performance of diesel engines was improved by a high cetane number and high volatility fuels at cold ambient conditions (Hara, 1999;Startck, 2010). The cold start performance of diesel engines is severe when the ambient temperature is reduced to sub-zero.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recirculation of exhaust gases is reduced or deactivated in diesel engines at low ambient temperature conditions in order to avoid water condensation. Currently, the low temperature emissions tests (Type VI: at -7C ambient temperature) are mandatory only for gasoline vehicles and extension of this test to diesel vehicles is under consideration (Hara, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing Cold Start Emissions from Automotive Diesel Engine at Cold Ambient Temperatures

Ramadhas

Dai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Cold start performance of diesel engines is determined by engine design, fuel type, fuel injection strategies, lubricant and ambient temperature conditions. Prevailing emissions legislation regarding low temperature emission tests applicable for gasoline vehicles is likely to be implemented to diesel vehicles. The present research work investigates the effects of intake air heating on a Euro 5 diesel engine's performance and exhaust emission (gaseous and particulate emissions) characteristics during the cold start followed by idling at cold ambient conditions. Heating of intake air entering the engine at cold ambient temperature conditions improved fuel combustion as well as reduced the cranking period and improved the fuel economy. More than 50% reduction in HC and 17% reduction in NO x emissions were achieved by intake air heating. Number count of accumulation mode particulates were higher during cold start compared to idle operation for all the temperature conditions. Intake air heating decreased the particulate number and size that led to reduction in total particulate mass by higher than 50% and 75% during cold start and idle respectively. The intake air heating strategy improved the cold start performance of the diesel engine at cold ambient temperature conditions and thereby would reduce the overall driving cycle emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Cold Start Emissions from Automotive Diesel Engine at Cold Ambient Temperatures

Ramadhas

Dai

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the fuel mixed with air forms a sufficiently ignitable mixture during the ignition delay period; further, a large premixed combustion phase is expected. 2 In this condition, the autoignition delay, which is highly dependent on the injection parameter, [3][4][5][6][7][8] the engine speed, 4,5 the fuel properties, 2,9 the combustion chamber conditions [3][4][5][6][7][8]10 and its design, 11 becomes longer owing to the reductions in the starting pressure and temperature for combustion. Simultaneously, the portion of stoichiometric air-fuel mixture is reduced with a lower combustion rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the twin-pilot-injection strategies for the reduction in the exhaust emissions in a low-compression-ratio engine

Suh

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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An investigation of twin-pilot-injection strategies was performed in a low-compression-ratio engine in order to improve the combustion performance and to reduce the exhaust emissions. All tests were conducted on a modified four-cylinder test engine running on only one cylinder with a reduced compression ratio (15.3:1), and analyses of the combustion pressure, the heat release rate and the net work output in the cylinder were performed. At the same time, the reduction in the exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and soot under different twin-pilot-injection strategies was compared with other combustion cases (single-injection strategy and one-pilot-injection strategy). Higher combustion pressures, lower heat release rates, shorter ignition delay times, higher indicated mean effective pressures (about 2.1%) and lower coefficients of variation in the indicated mean effective pressure (approximately 29.4%) in all multiple-injection (one-pilot-injection or twin-pilot-injection) cases, which indicated improved operation of the low-compression-ratio engine, were observed. Retarded injection timing ( tp,SOE = 20–10° crank angle before top dead centre) in the twin-pilot-injection case proved to the best timing for reduction in the carbon monoxide emissions because the relatively short ignition delay with the high in-cylinder temperature enhanced the carbon monoxide oxidation rate. Twin-pilot-injection strategies formed higher hydrocarbon emissions because of the rich fuel mixture during the ignition delay time than one-pilot-injection combustion did. As more multiple injections were applied, lower nitrogen oxide emissions (up to 45.7%) were observed because the early termination of the first injection event and the restart of injection created a time interval between injections in which freshly charged air could be entrained into the flame.

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“…Therefore, there is an optimum cranking speed for a certain diesel engine during cold start. With regard to the fuel property, the cetane number and volatility have obvious effects on cold start [12]. Good volatility is of benefit to the formation of the airvapour mixture and improves its combustibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine during cold start under different exhaust valve closing timing conditions

Peng

Cui

Deng

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The residual gas fraction has significant effects on combustion in a diesel engine. However, few researchers have studied the effects of the residual gas on startability and emissions of a diesel engine during cold start, in which the components of the residual gas fraction were very different from those under normal operating conditions. Through experiments conducted on a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine, this paper investigated the combustion and emissions characteristics during cold start under different exhaust valve closing (EVC) timing conditions. The results show that an appropriate increase in the residual gas fraction could promote ignition of the first firing cycle and combustion stability significantly during cold start. Residual gas also had significant effects on the emissions during cold start. Opacity during cold start, especially during the initial phase, could be reduced significantly by properly advancing the EVC timing. Owing to the strong thermal effect of residual gas, nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions during cold start tended to increase as the EVC timing was advanced.

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Effect of Cetane Number with and without Additive on Cold Startability and White Smoke Emissions in a Diesel Engine

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Reducing Cold Start Emissions from Automotive Diesel Engine at Cold Ambient Temperatures

Reducing Cold Start Emissions from Automotive Diesel Engine at Cold Ambient Temperatures

Study on the twin-pilot-injection strategies for the reduction in the exhaust emissions in a low-compression-ratio engine

Combustion and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine during cold start under different exhaust valve closing timing conditions

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