Effect of changing transit time on colonic microbial metabolism in man.

Stephen, Alison M.; Wiggins, H. S.; Cummings, John H.

doi:10.1136/gut.28.5.601

Cited by 181 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A decrease in bacterial mass has also been demonstrated with an increase in mean colonic transit time when motility is slowed with Lomotil. 16 MullerLissner et at in a meta-analysis of 27 studies in which wheat bran was prescribed and large bowel function measured reported that there is no justification for claiming bran treatment in constipation can return stool output to normal. 17 The time taken to open the bowels was also not significantly different and no trends were apparent.…”

Section: Intervention Bowel Fu Nctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of increased dietary fibre intake on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury

et al. 1996

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It is common for constipation to occur following severe spinal cord injury (SCI). Although a bowel management program including a high fibre diet is an integral part of rehabilitation, 1 the effect of a high fibre diet on large bowel function in SCI has not been examined. The aims of this study were to assess the nutrient intake of SCI patients, to determine baseline transit time, stool weight and evacuation time and to assess the effect of addition of bran on large bowel function. Eleven subjects, aged 32 ± lO.5 years participated in the study. The level of injury ranged from C 4 to Tl 2 ; only one patient had an incomplete injury. Baseline mean energy intake was 7823± 1443 kJ/d, protein intake 93±21 g/d, carbohydrate intake 209 ± 39 g/d and mean dietary fibre intake 25 ± 8 g/d. Mean baseline stool weight was 128 ± 55 g/d and bowel evacuation time was 13 ± 7.4 min/d. Three subjects who consumed < 18 g dietary fibre/d had low stool weights of 60-70 g/d and two had very delayed transit times that were too slow to enable quantitation. Mean mouth to anus transit time was 51.3±31.2 h, mean colonic transit time 28.2±3.5 h, right colonic transit time 5.9±4.5 h, left colonic transit time 14.5 ± 5.2 h and rectosigmoid colonic transit time 7.9 ± 5.6 h. Following the addition of bran, dietary fibre intake significantly increased from 25 g/d to 31 g/d (P

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Section: Intervention Bowel Fu Nctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of increased dietary fibre intake on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury

et al. 1996

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“…The fibers that are only partially or non-fermented by the gut microbiota increase the fecal volume and transit rate by binding to water. Peristalsis, water absorption, environmental acidity, redox potential, and the absorption of nutrients are affected by the intestinal microbiota, and in turn, affect the microbiota as well [3,4]. Hence, short bowel transit time (below 24 h) might support the fast-growing bacteria and can be a key factor to control the fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Adamberg

2018

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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Background: Nutrient and energy metabolism in human colon depends on bacterial growth rate that is determined by the colonic transit rate.Objective: A novel approach, De-stat culture was used to distinguish the fast and slow growing sub-populations from fecal microbiota.Design: The enrichment and metabolism of bacteria from pooled fecal cultures of children was studied at dilution rates D = 0.2–0.0 1/h in mucin-supplemented media containing either arabinogalactan or apple pectin.Results: The study revealed clear differentiation of the fecal microbiota at higher (above 0.1 1/h) and lower (below 0.1 1/h) dilution rates, along with metabolic changes. Similarity of the fast and slow growing bacteria was observed in two different fecal pools and on both substrates, suggesting the dilution rate as the main triggering parameter for selection of bacteria. At high dilution rates, the species Collinsella aerofaciens, Dorea longicatena, Escherichia coli, Lachnoclostridium torques, and different Bacteroides (B. caccae, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus) were dominant in both media variants. At low dilution rates, Akkermansia muciniphila, Eisenbergiella tayi, Negativicoccus succinivorans, and a group of Ruminococcaceae became dominant in both media and in both fecal pools. This change in bacterial population accompanied by the increased production of propionic and butyric acids as well as higher consumption of alanine and branched chain amino acids at low dilution rates.Conclusions: The study suggests that specific growth rate has important effect on the dynamics of colon microbiota. Manipulation of the proportions of fast and slow growing gut bacteria through modulation of the transit rate could be a target in human nutrition studies. The De-stat study would enable to predict changes in microbiota composition associated with the decrease or increase of the colonic transit rate.

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“…With a faster turnover rate, microbial growth is more ef®cient and a greater mass of bacteria is produced (Stephen et al, 1987). Conversely, with a lower turnover rate, the ef®ciency of microbial growth decreases (Stephen et al, 1987) while methanogenic bacteria as well as the pH of luminal contents increase (El Ou®r et al, 1996). Therefore, transit time through the colon could markedly in¯uence the extent of ®ber fermentation and the types of fermentation end-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in in vitro continuous culture, in which bacteria are grown with a constant substrate supply, bacterial cell growth (Isaacson et al, 1975;Kotarski & Salyers, 1981;Silley & Amstrong, 1984) and the pattern of fermentation products (Kotarski & Salyers, 1981;Silley & Amstrong, 1984) depend on turnover time. Moreover, it has been shown in vivo, in both ruminant and man that the ef®ciency of anaerobic microbial growth is dependent on the rate of passage of material through the fermentation system (Owens & Isaacson, 1977;Stephen et al, 1987). With a faster turnover rate, microbial growth is more ef®cient and a greater mass of bacteria is produced (Stephen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it has been shown in vivo, in both ruminant and man that the ef®ciency of anaerobic microbial growth is dependent on the rate of passage of material through the fermentation system (Owens & Isaacson, 1977;Stephen et al, 1987). With a faster turnover rate, microbial growth is more ef®cient and a greater mass of bacteria is produced (Stephen et al, 1987). Conversely, with a lower turnover rate, the ef®ciency of microbial growth decreases (Stephen et al, 1987) while methanogenic bacteria as well as the pH of luminal contents increase (El Ou®r et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between transit time in man and in vitro fermentation of dietary fiber by fecal bacteria

et al. 2000

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Objective: To assess the effects of drug-induced changes in mean transit time (MTT) on the activity of human fecal¯ora in vitro. Methods: The activity of fecal¯ora was estimated by the ability of a fecal inoculum to ferment a substrate (beet ®ber) in vitro in a batch system for 24 h. The inoculum was collected from 8 healthy volunteers studied during three 3-week randomized periods, who received a controlled diet alone (control period) or the same diet with either cisapride or loperamide. Cisapride and loperamide were adjusted in order to halve and double MTT measured during the control period. At the end of each period, the percentage disappearance of the initial added substrate and the concentration and the pro®le of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were determined. Results: In the control period, the pH of the inoculum and SCFA concentration were inversely related to MTT (P 0.0001). Individual SCFA production was also signi®cantly related to MTT (P`0.01). Cisapride-reduced transit time was associated with a signi®cant rise in the concentrations of total SCFAs (P`0.05), propionic and butyric acids (P`0.05) and the percentage substrate disappearance (P`0.05). Inverse relations were observed during the loperamide period. Moreover, MTT was inversely related to the percentage substrate disappearance (P`0.001), SCFA production (P`0.001) and butyrate production (P`0.0005). Conclusion: Changes in MTT alter bacterial activity and modify the bacterial pathways affecting the proportion of individual SCFAs. Sponsorship:

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Effect of changing transit time on colonic microbial metabolism in man.

Cited by 181 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of the effect of increased dietary fibre intake on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury

Assessment of the effect of increased dietary fibre intake on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury

Selection of fast and slow growing bacteria from fecal microbiota using continuous culture with changing dilution rate

Relationships between transit time in man and in vitro fermentation of dietary fiber by fecal bacteria

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