Effect of chemical and biological degumming on the adsorption of heavy metal by cellulose xanthogenates prepared from Eichhornia crassipes

Preparation, characterization of corn stalk xanthates and its feasibility for Cd (II) removal from aqueous solution

“…These confirmed that substitution reaction mainly occurred in -OH groups of C-6. A strong characteristic stretching vibration adsorption band at 3700 cm −1 can be assigned to -OH in Mg (OH) 2 , which CS 2 substitution resulted in Mg(OH) 2 precipitation during the magnesium substitution process [12], and also can be seen from the increase of the sulfur content (S%) and magnesium content (Mg%). Fig.…”

“…In our previous research, we have focused on modified corn stalk to produce several useful adsorbents for Cd (II), such as corn stalk modified by acrylonitrile [11], corn stalk grafted with acrylonitrile [9], and cellulose isolated from corn stalk [4]. Recently, some researches have been done for cellulose xanthates prepared from Eichhornia crassipes, showing more promising for the removal of Pb (II) [12], and Cu (II) [13], which provides a tentative method for the modification of corn stalk. Meanwhile, O'Connell et al have ever reviewed that cross-linking methods could enhance the stability of adsorbent [6].…”

“…Meanwhile, O'Connell et al have ever reviewed that cross-linking methods could enhance the stability of adsorbent [6]. Therefore, on the basis of their works [12,13], modification was further improved by adding the crosslinkers and the microwave-assisted treatment, in order to enhance the resistance of adsorbents against chemicals and acids, and avoid overusing chemical reagents. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, little research on Cd (II) removal using corn stalk xanthates has been reported yet.…”

Physicochemical characterization of raw and modified banana pseudostem fibers and their adsorption capacities for heavy metal Pb2+and Cd2+in water

“…The steam explosion can significantly breakdown the lignocellulosic structure and hemicellulose fraction, depolymerize the lignin components, and defibrillate the fiber through a sudden decompression of saturated steam at high pressure and temperature . On the other hand, the xanthogenation method involves alkali‐treatment by NaOH, sulfonation by CS 2 , and substitution by magnesium salt to change the fiber cellulose structure . Since heavy metal ions, cadmium (Cd 2+ ) and lead (Pb 2+ ) are the ubiquitous environmental pollutants which are associated with the kidney damage, osteoporosis, and carcinogenic diseases as well as exhibiting higher toxicity than other trace metals even at low concentrations, they were selected to evaluate the heavy metal adsorption capacities of the raw and modified banana fiber in this study .…”

Characterization of radio frequency assisted water retting and flax fibers obtained

“…The process that frees the fibers from non-fiber components, especially the pectin, separates fibers into smaller bundles and single fibers (Akin et al, 2000) and thereby facilitates further processing is called retting or degumming. Retting is thus important in processing flax since its quality is a main concern for both industries incorporating natural fibers into production (Foulk et al, 2011) and other applications which value the pectin removal of biomass (Deng et al, 2012;Pakarinen et al, 2012). Water retting is one of the traditional retting methods and achieved mainly by the anaerobic bacteria, normally requiring 14 days to be completed.…”