Effect of Chemical and Mechanical Degradation on Surface Roughness, Topography, Gloss, and Polish Retention of Three Composites Polished with Five Polishing Systems

Abstract

Objective: Finishing and polishing (F/P) of composites is a fundamental step influencing the clinical service of restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different F/P systems on surface roughness, gloss, and polish retention of composite resins.
 Materials and Methods: One-hundred and five disc-shaped specimens (4×4 mm) were made from nanofilled, microhybrid, and microfilled composites (n=35). The specimens were divided into five subgroups (n=7) for F/P with Sof-Lex (4-step), Shofu (4-step), Cosmedent (3-step), Diacomp Composite-Pro (2-step), and Opti1Step systems. The surface roughness values (Ra and Rz) were measured before and after pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing. Surface topography was assessed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at three magnifications. For assessment of surface gloss, 45 rectangular specimens (10×8×2 mm) were fabricated from three composites (n=15) and randomly allocated to five subgroups (n=3). Surface gloss was measured before and after aging. The mean values were calculated and analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey, and t-test. Level of significance was set at 0.05. 
 Results: The composite type had no significant effect on surface roughness (P>0.05); however, the type of F/P system significantly affected it (P<0.05). The pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing had no significant effect on gloss or polish retention of the three composites (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: Type of F/P system had a greater effect on surface roughness and gloss of composite resins than the type of composite.

Alterations in Surface Gloss and Hardness of Direct Dental Resin Composites and Indirect CAD/CAM Composite Block after Single Application of Bifluorid 10 Varnish: An In Vitro Study

“…The main composition of the resin composites is an organic matrix and inorganic filler particles. It provides a heterogeneous nature to their microstructure, which is a challenging factor that could be reflected in surface features of the resin composites [10].…”

“…The durability of the resin composites is significantly influenced by the properties of the surface. Chemical treatments or even preventive measures like fluoride varnish and other dental hygiene products can harm the surface of restorative materials [9,10]. They may have adverse effects on resin composites, like discoloration, surface erosion, reduced surface hardness, and the dissolving of inorganic fillers [11].…”

“…The loss of gloss in resin composites has a detrimental effect on esthetics, since it determines whether the surrounding teeth are harmonious or not [13]. One of the most crucial elements in attaining superior clinical results and satisfactory esthetics is the restoration's surface quality [10]. The surface quality of the material directly affects its ability to reflect direct light.…”

Efectividad de los diferentes sistemas de pulido sobre la rugosidad superficial de las resinas compuestas. Revisión bibliográfica

“…Farzaneh y cols en 2021 estudiaron el efecto de la degradación química y mecánica sobre la rugosidad de la superficie, la topografía, el brillo y la retención del pulido de tres sistemas. Ellos reportaron que el tipo de sistema Soflex tuvo un mejor efecto sobre la rugosidad superficial y el brillo de las resinas compuestas 16 .…”

J Clin Exp Dent

“…The integrity of resin composite restorations may be compromised as a result of chemical and mechanical interactions within the oral cavity environment ( 1 ). In the anterior region, the clinical behavior of aesthetic restorations is largely dependent on surface properties ( 2 ) and as such, finishing and polishing procedures may pose a significant long-term effect on surface quality and characterization of resin composite materials ( 3 ).…”