Effect of Chemical Composition of Clay on Physical-Mechanical Properties of Clay Paving Blocks

Avizovas, Rolandas; Baskutis, Saulius; Navickas, Valentinas; Tamándl, László

doi:10.3390/buildings12070943

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Dolomite limestone and olive stone residues also showed a large increase in water, while all the other additives did not present significant variation in the amount of admixture water. This fact is coming in accordance with the theory that these materials tend to bind water on their surface, which during extrusion passes to the clay molecules, increasing the plasticity [41]. The mixtures that presented a lower percentage of necessary mixing water are because these materials do not absorb water, such as bauxite residues, silica sand, or iron scraps with the result of reducing the plasticity of the mixture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Efficient Recovery of Solid Waste Units as Substitutes for Raw Materials in Clay Bricks

Makrygiannis¹,

Tsetsekou²

2022

Recycling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The advent of new materials and technologies in building materials has changed the way of building. New lighter materials with easier application methods and improved mechanical behaviors, have become necessary for the market. Moreover, the new environmental policy (2022) aims to transform the waste management into sustainable materials management to ensure the long-term protection and improvement of the environment. For the brick and tile industry, raw materials and the additives that compose the product mixture seem to be a key factor in this direction. Furthermore, every product type (solid or perforated brick) requires different additives to achieve the properties that are postulated by the international standards. For the study, the wide range of additives that were used have been assorted into three (3) categories: the inert materials, the lightweight materials, and the industrial remains. Totally, eight (8) different materials were used as additives into ceramic mass, in different proportions each time. Almost all additives used for this research were pore-forming agents. These burn out almost completely before reaching the full-fire temperature, and do not change the fired body. As a result of additives burnt out, the necessary pore volume is formed in the fired brick body, which, if combined with an appropriate percentage of voids, result in raw density readings. The pore structure is significant as long as the ultimate strength of lightweight bricks is acceptable. In this study, additives between 3 and 25% by weight were added to the clay mixture. The extrusion of specimens in solid form was carried out using the Laboratory’s vacuum press. Firstly, the extrusion of specimens from the original raw material was implemented. Secondly, it was made on the material mixed with the additives mentioned above. A series of experimental activities were followed to determine the variations of the mechanical and physical properties as well as their production procedures (extrusion, drying, and firing). According to five (5) key properties measured in the current study and compared with the mixture without additives, it was found that the variation in thermal conductivity improvement is between -11% and 19%. The bending strength of the fired products showed a decrease from 16% to 55% except for the addition of bauxite residue, which increased the strength by 8%. Bigot drying sensitivity decreased from 11% to 27%. The density in two cases increased from 2% to 7% while in the majority the mixtures with the additives showed a decrease in density from 1% to 14%. Finally, the addition of the necessary water for shaping during extrusion showed a variation from a 10% decreased to a 14% increased water.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Efficient Recovery of Solid Waste Units as Substitutes for Raw Materials in Clay Bricks

Makrygiannis¹,

Tsetsekou²

2022

Recycling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The highest compressive strength value is achieved when the clay or mud content is less than 5%. In several previous studies [18], the filler material's composition and characteristics, especially clay content, are proven to be essential factors that must be carefully controlled to optimize the compressive strength performance of CPB. This control ensures that the filler material meets the specified limits because it will contribute to the overall quality and durability of the CPB examined in this study.…”

Section: Effect Of Clay Content On the Characteristics Of The Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to concrete mixtures in general, the compressive strength of CPB is influenced by water, clay, and aggregate content. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the impact of water content in the mixture and investigate the effects of clay content on the compressive strength of CPB [18,19]. In its application, aside from the impact of maintenance age on changes in compressive strength, it is necessary to determine the thickness variations and test methods [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Innovation to Investigate Concrete Paving Blocks Compressive Strength

Lumingkewas,

Hadiwardoyo,

Hadiwardoyo

2023

Civ Eng J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research aims to evaluate the block method against the cube test method using variations in thickness. Paving blocks can be produced using a hydraulic machine or a simple press, and their performance can be measured based on density and compressive strength tests. The block test method shows that with the same material composition forming the paving block, a paving block with a higher thickness can lead to a lower compressive strength value. In contrast, the cube test method shows different results. The paving blocks used in this study had width and length sizes of 100 and 200 mm, respectively, and had varying heights of 60, 80, and 100 mm. The results reveal that the compressive strength of concrete paving blocks is more precise based on density. Furthermore, the empirical equation and conversion coefficient of the compressive strength of the block test to the cube test have been obtained. This empirical equation is highly recommended for the road pavement industry in controlling the quality of compressive strength, even when using block tests. Further research can help develop a formula for using additive materials in paving blocks. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-11-03 Full Text: PDF

show abstract

“…Chipera [13] states that this choice can be made by quantifying clay minerals. Thus, the success of this selection is obtained by understanding the complexities of ceramic materials and the effect that the environment has on them [14]. These complexities involve the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, which, if well understood, solve most corrosion problems in any field of study [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid as an Anticorrosive Agent in Ceramic Materials

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the significant challenges of the ceramics industry is to increase the corrosion resistance of ceramic materials, and the study of this corrosion requires a detailed investigation using several characterization methods, such as the knowledge of technological properties including the absorption, apparent porosity, and mechanical resistance of these ceramic materials. This corrosion resistance can be further improved by using a protective coating on the surface of ceramic materials, such as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which has been used as a green, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. This work investigated the inhibitory action of CNSL on the corrosion of ceramic materials. Clay from the Brazilian Northeast was used in a simulated seawater environment at room temperature for the immersion corrosion test. Sets of prismatic specimens bathed in CNSL were immersed in a corrosive solution and compared with other samples without CNSL immersed in a corrosive environment. At the end of 70 days in corrosive solution, the ceramic specimens without CNSL showed signs of wear on the surface, associated with an average mass loss of 20 mg and an average corrosive rate of 0.017 mm/year. On the other hand, the bodies bathed in CNSL showed no mass loss, reinforcing the potential of CNSL as a protective agent against corrosion.

show abstract

Effect of Chemical Composition of Clay on Physical-Mechanical Properties of Clay Paving Blocks

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Efficient Recovery of Solid Waste Units as Substitutes for Raw Materials in Clay Bricks

Efficient Recovery of Solid Waste Units as Substitutes for Raw Materials in Clay Bricks

Laboratory Innovation to Investigate Concrete Paving Blocks Compressive Strength

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid as an Anticorrosive Agent in Ceramic Materials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About