Effect of Chloramphenicol on Light-Dependent Synthesis of Proteins and Enzymes of Leaves and Chloroplasts of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>

Margulies, Maurice M.

doi:10.1104/pp.39.4.579

Cited by 88 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Within the reproducibility of the data, the cycloheximide appears to act very quickly (within 1 hr) to block completely the further formation of chlorophyll. It is significant that neither an increase nor a decrease in chlorophyll absorption was observed during the next 19 hr, whereas the chlorophyll in the control leaves increased steadily to a point beyond which the absorbance at 678 nm could not be measured accurately. The time of action of cycloheximide is measured somewhat more accurately in an experiment described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Inhibitors of protein synthesis, such as chloramphenicol or cycloheximide, have been shown to block the formation of chloro-/ t t t ItII t t t1 t t t t t t 12 phyll in algal systems and in higher plants (13,14,18,19). Two tion of 3-aminolevulinic acid (7,8,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the induction period the synthesis of protochlorophyllide is limiting, and this limitation can be overcome by feeding the plants with 5-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of protochlorophyllide (25). Studies using chloramphenicol (18,19) or cycloheximide (13), which are known to be inhibitors of protein synthesis, indicate that active protein synthesis is normally required in order for protochlorophyllide to be formed and sited on the enzyme where photoconversion to chlorophyllide takes place (13,20,26,28). The action of these and other inhibitors of chlorophyll synthesis has recently been reviewed (14,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Sites of Photoconversion of Protochlorophyllide to Chlorophyllide in Barley Seedlings

Süzer

Sauer

1971

Plant Physiol.

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The photoreduction of protochlorophyllide a to chlorophyllide a in intact 6-day-old seedlings of etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) exhibits a small initial phase, followed by an induction period of about 1 hour before a rapid phase of additional chlorophyll formation begins. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, has no effect on the initial phase of conversion of preformed protochlorophyllide, but it either abolishes or severely inhibits the subsequent phase of rapid chlorophyll synthesis within 45 minutes of its application to the seedlings. An analysis of the biphasic inhibition process suggests that the lifetime of the enzyme controlling protochlorophyllide synthesis (probably 6-amino-levulinic acid synthetase) is not longer than 10 min- The penultimate stage in the synthesis of chlorophyll a in most higher plants is a photochemical step in which two protons are added stereospecifically to the porphin ring system of protochlorophyllide to form chlorophyllide a. The initial photoconversion can be monitored spectrophotometrically in intact etiolated leaves (22). There follows a series of dark spectral shifts, during which the chlorophyllide is esterified by phytol to form chlorophyll a (24, 34). These reactions have the characteristics of an enzymatic process even apart from the stereospecific nature of the product: they are abolished by mild heating (52 C for 10 min) (23,29), grinding the leaf tissues with sand and buffer (5), application of a freeze-thaw cycle (9, 29), and extraction of the pigments by organic solvents. Nevertheless, the initial photochemical stage can be completed within a few milliseconds by a 1 The work described in this report was carried out in the Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.brief flash of activating light (16,17) or, albeit slowly, by illumination at -80 C (10). In this paper we present evidence that the number of photoconversion sites in a greening seedling does not change significantly during the first 4 hr following the initial illumination. Within this interval the photoconversion sites can be used more than 20 times in succession.Following an initial conversion of active protochlorophyllide present in dark-grown seedlings, there commonly follows an induction period of 1 hr or more preceding a rapid phase of further chlorophyll synthesis (1, 33). During the induction period the synthesis of protochlorophyllide is limiting, and this limitation can be overcome by feeding the plants with 5-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of protochlorophyllide (25). Studies using chloramphenicol (18,19) or cycloheximide (13), which are known to be inhibitors of protein synthesis, indicate that active protein synthesis is normally required in order for protochlorophyllide to be formed and sited on the enzyme where photoconversion to chlorophyllide takes place (13,20,26,28). The action of these and other inhibitors of chlorophyll synthesis has recently been reviewed (14,27).The studies of the action of cycloheximide on etiolated barley ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sites of Photoconversion of Protochlorophyllide to Chlorophyllide in Barley Seedlings

Süzer

Sauer

1971

Plant Physiol.

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“…Results obtained with puromycin as inhibitor introduce the possibility of inhibitor insensitive or less sen,sitive protein syntheses (7,13,18). Puromycin inhibited the light induced production of cyanidin and possibly lu,teolinidin as would be expected since the other inhibitors of protein syn'thesis were effective (11,15 (12), the other is that higher concentrations and longer incubation periods are used than in bacterial systems (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In noninfiltrated internodes kept in bright light in air, cyanidin production started around 6 hours and increased rapidly for 2 days ( (2,5,8,11,13,15,27). Ethionine r-ay also form inactive proteins (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mechanisms in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in First Internodes of Sorghum vulgare: Effect of Presumed Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

Stafford

1966

Plant Physiol.

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Summary. There was a 6 to 24-hotr lag in the production of anthocyanins in the l:ght after excision of 4-day-old etiolated internodes of Sorghum vu'g(gre variety Whea&-> land milo. In internodes infiltrated with water, ap geninidin was formed first at 19 'o 24 hours and continued to be produced slowly. Luteolinidin was formed slightly later, but its formation rapidly exceeded that of apigeninidin. Cyanidin was the last type to be produced, but equaled the amounts of luteolinidin by 4 days. In noninfiltrated internodes, the production of cyanidin was greatly accelerated, beginning at about 6 hours.Data from experiments with inhibitors that presui-ably affect protein synthesis at different loci indicated that protein synthesis was necessary for maximum production of all 3 anthocyanins, but that {different steps were rate limiting. Light independent synthesis of ap:geninidin and luteolinidin was inh:;Wted by chloramphencol and L-ethionine but not by actinomycin D and 8-azaguanine. liowever, the synthesis of these 2 anthocyanins was not inhibited 'by puromycin, but was sometimes stimulated. The lightinduced synthesis of cyanidin was inhibited by actinomycin, azaguanine, chloramphenicol and ethionine. Actionmycin no longer was inhib tory if added after incubation for 6 hours in air. All inhibi'tors were capable of inhibiting to various degrees either the incorporation of 14C-uracil into RNA or 14C-leucine into protein. The inhibitor data suggest that the light insensitive synthesis of apIgeninidin andl ltteolinidin may be controlled by enzyme synthesis at the level of ribosomes via stable mRNA, while the light-induced production of cyanidin is dependent initially on the production of mRNA. The latter hypothesis is similar to that recently proposed by Lange and Mohr for a cyanidin produced in Siniapis seedlings.

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The Synthesis of Chloroplast Membranes in Pisum sativum

Ellis

1975

Membrane Biogenesis

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Effect of Chloramphenicol on Light-Dependent Synthesis of Proteins and Enzymes of Leaves and Chloroplasts of Phaseolus vulgaris

Cited by 88 publications

References 39 publications

The Sites of Photoconversion of Protochlorophyllide to Chlorophyllide in Barley Seedlings

The Sites of Photoconversion of Protochlorophyllide to Chlorophyllide in Barley Seedlings

Regulatory Mechanisms in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in First Internodes of Sorghum vulgare: Effect of Presumed Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

The Synthesis of Chloroplast Membranes in Pisum sativum

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