Effect of chloride solutions on portland cement

Abstract

Expansion of hardened normal Portland cement in chloride solutions exceeded that in distilled water, but specimens made of ground cement‐clinker were not appreciably affected by the presence of chloride ions. Addition of chloride ions to sulphate solutions caused increased expansion of cement pastes, but the combined effect of chloride and sulphate ions was less than that of the sum of the separate components. Magnesium and calcium chloride were more aggressive than sodium and potassium chloride. In chloride solutions, richer cement pastes were more strongly expanded than poorer ones, in contrast to their behaviour in sulphate solutions. The results are interpreted in terms of the rates of formation of calcium chloroaluminate, the effect of chloride ion on sulphoaluminate crystallisation, slight variations in composition of the chloride phase and leaching of some of the reaction products.

Technology for the Production of Grouting Chloride of a Resistant Drilling Mud Based on a Sulfur Composite Material

“…All lithological-facies groups of soils also contain carbonates, gypsum and a small amount of organic substances. In terms of sulfate content, for most EGE Portland cements range from non-aggressive to highly aggressive, while for chlorides (Heller et al, 1966), all types of Portland cements are highly aggressive. The main difficulties that arise when conducting wells in salt deposits are caused by the fact that when washing wells, water-based drilling fluids are saturated with salts that cause intense coagulation of clay particles, cavern formation on the walls of the well, collapses of clay layers, plastic flow of reservoir salt.…”

Ultrasensitive and miniaturized ion sensors using ionically imprinted nanostructured films

“…From an industrial perspective, the presence of chloride ions is a strong indicator of environmental degradation processes such as corrosion [6] and the quality and health of the structural engineering materials [11] . However, due to the generally small size of anions, less than 0.2 nm in the case of chloride ion (Cl -), and their scarce lipophilicity [12] , only a few commercial anion sensors are currently available in the market, and the number of reported approaches in the literature is limited.…”