Effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) on patulin produced by Penicillum expansum and involved mechanism

Abstract

BACKGROUND Patulin, produced by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit, has side effects affecting human and animal health. The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on patulin production, and the mechanisms involved in this, were investigated. RESULTS Patulin production by P. expansum was reduced by ClO2 treatment, both in apples and in a potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium, which was attributed to the antifungal effect of ClO2, but not the direct reaction between ClO2 and patulin. Fumigation with ClO2 also significantly reduced disease development in apples infected with P. expansum, and inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination. After ClO2 treatment, P. expansum mycelial morphology was strongly affected, leading to the loss of plasma membrane integrity and causing cellular leakage. CONCLUSION These data provide useful information that enables the inhibitory mechanism of ClO2 on patulin production by P. expansum to be better understood. It can also assist the development of effective methods to control patulin production in apples and other postharvest fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

Chlorine Dioxide Generation Method and Its Action Mechanism for Removing Harmful Substances and Maintaining Quality Attributes of Agricultural Products

“…Zhang and Fu (2018) noted that patulin production in both apple juice and potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium was observably decreased as the concentration (100-400 mg L −1 ) of ClO 2 increased. Nevertheless, the degradation rate of pure patulin in an apple juice reduced slightly after ClO 2 treatment at different concentrations (Zhang et al 2018a).…”

The pinene scaffold: its occurrence, chemistry, synthetic utility, and pharmacological importance

“…Although, as expected, the SOA composition depends on the concentration of oxidizing agents, humidity, and temperature. 139–141 Ehn and co-workers had shown that HOM formation decreased about 50 percent when experiments were performed at 0 °C compared to 20 °C. 142 While the molecular formulae and structures of some of the primary products of the photooxidation reactions have been identified, many mechanistic details, reaction intermediates, and reaction end products have not been definitively characterized, but there has been considerable interest in understanding the SOA in recent years.…”

Molecular basis and regulation of pathogenicity and patulin biosynthesis in Penicillium expansum

“…Some organic acids are beneficial for patulin decontamination, such as ascorbic acid, which can remarkably increase the degradation of patulin when combined with heating treatment (Kokkinidou, Floros, & LaBorde, 2014). Zhang, Fu, and Chen (2019) reported that chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) treatment could reduce patulin contamination, but the effect was mainly dependent on the inhibition of P. expansum infection, not direct degradation.…”