Effect of Chlorophyllin-Chitosan on Excretion of Dioxins in a Healthy Man

Abstract

We investigated the usefulness of chitosan and chlorophyllin-chitosan (chl-chitosan) administration for reduction of the body burden of environmental dioxins, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/ Fs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), by examining the excretion levels in the feces and sebum of a healthy man. The volunteer ate the same three meals every day during the 40-d experiment, which was composed of five phases (I-V) of 8 d each. In phase I (days 1-8), the volunteer was given only the basal diet. In phases II-V, 0.2 g of chitosan, 0.6 g of chitosan, 0.2 g of chl-chitosan, and 0.6 g of chl-chitosan, respectively, were administered immediately after each meal. We measured daily the amount of dioxins occurring in the feces and sebum during the last 5 d of each phase. The total toxicity equivalency (TEQ) of the dioxin in phases I-V were 27, 26, 38, 36, and 67 pg/d in the feces and 20, 19, 16, 16, and 14 pg/d in the sebum, compared with 74 pg/d in the food. The excretion of dioxins in the feces was significantly increased in phases III, IV, and V, being 140% (p < 0.05), 135% (p < 0.05), and 249% (p < 0.01) of the control level (phase I). Although the dioxin in the sebum was slightly decreased in phase V as compared with the control level, the total amount of excreted dioxin in feces and sebum was increased significantly in phase V, being 174% of the control level, which is almost the same level as that in the food. This indicates that chl-chitosan can prevent accumulation of dioxin, at least at the intake level of normal foods.

The Metabolism and Potential Bioactivity of Chlorophyll and Metallo‐chlorophyll Derivatives in the Gastrointestinal Tract

“…One human study administering copper chlorophyllin with chitosan (2:1, w/w) observed 49% excretion of the dioxin consumed, a value almost double to the excretion of dioxin when consumed with chitosan alone. [ 79 ] Native chlorophyll can also increase fecal dioxin excretion in a dose‐dependent manner, as shown in rats when incorporated at 0.01–0.5% of the diet. [ 80 ] Dioxin excretion in animals consuming an experimental diet containing 0.2% chlorophyll was ≈34% higher than those consuming a control diet.…”

Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines Heterocomplexation with Biologically Active Aromatic Compounds and Its Possible Role in Chemoprevention

“…The amount of Trp-P-2-DNA adducts in liver and other organs was significantly decreased in a mice fed with Trp-P-2 and CHL-chitosan [50,51], which was attributed to diminished absorption of CHL-chitosan bound mutagen from the gastrointestinal tract. CHL-chitosan was proven to be beneficial in humans, promoting the excretion of dioxins in feces and sebum [52]. [53].…”

Review on Chitosan Intake and Enhancement in Fecal Excretion of Endocrine Disruptors

“…Studies suggest that intake of dietary supplements with either soluble or insoluble fiber can result in decreased accumulation of environmental lipophilic toxins and chemicals in the body tissues and on other hand enhance the excretion of these toxins [34]. Considering these evidences, studies on chitosan, a dietary fiber mainly of marine origin, also provided positive correlation in fecal excretion of fats and environmental toxins like Bisphenol-A [35], Dioxins [36], [37], [38], Phthalates [35] and PCB [38].…”

“…A study was designed by Noriyuki Kohuda [36][37][38] on intake of chitosan and fecal excretion of Dioxins in rats. The studied was done using eighteen 4-weeks old Sprague dawley rats for twenty days.…”