Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Upala, Sikarin; Sanguankeo, Anawin; Congrete, Soontharee; Jaruvongvanich, Veeravich

doi:10.3109/14017431.2016.1173226

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…On the other hand, trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on arterial stiffness, a marker of cardiovascular risk, have shown ambiguous results. In a MA including data from seven RCTs involving a total of 547 participants, supplementation with vitamin D3 for 2 to 12 months showed no significant effects on changes in pulse wave velocity [44]. Nor did a MA including data from seven RCTs suggest beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on left ventricular function or exercise tolerance [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data

et al. 2017

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BackgroundA large number of observational studies have reported harmful effects of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels on non-skeletal outcomes. We performed a systematic quantitative review on characteristics of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses (MAs) on non-skeletal effects of vitamin D supplementation.Methods and findingsWe identified systematic reviews (SR) reporting summary data in terms of MAs of RCTs on selected non-skeletal outcomes. For each outcome, we summarized the results from available SRs and scrutinized included RCTs for a number of predefined characteristics. We identified 54 SRs including data from 210 RCTs. Most MAs as well as the individual RCTs reported null-findings on risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, weight-loss, and malignant diseases. Beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation was reported in 1 of 4 MAs on depression, 2 of 9 MAs on blood pressure, 3 of 7 MAs on respiratory tract infections, and 8 of 12 MAs on mortality. Most RCTs have primarily been performed to determine skeletal outcomes, whereas non-skeletal effects have been assessed as secondary outcomes. Only one-third of the RCTs had low level of 25OHD as a criterion for inclusion and a mean baseline 25OHD level below 50 nmol/L was only present in less than half of the analyses.ConclusionsPublished RCTs have mostly been performed in populations without low 25OHD levels. The fact that most MAs on results from RCTs did not show a beneficial effect does not disprove the hypothesis suggested by observational findings on adverse health outcomes of low 25OHD levels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data

et al. 2017

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“…Mendelian randomization studies have reported lower levels of systolic blood pressure among those with genetically lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, but the effect sizes of genetically determined differences were very small . Randomized trials of vitamin D and meta‐analyses of trials have shown no significant effect on blood pressure or arterial stiffness . It is unclear whether the null results reflect small sample sizes, insufficient dosing of vitamin D, or the relatively short duration of treatment in such trials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiac Function in Older People After 1 Year: BEST‐D (Biochemical Efficacy and Safety Trial of Vitamin D)

Tomson

Hin

Emberson

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundThe relevance of vitamin D for prevention of cardiovascular disease is uncertain. The BEST‐D (Biochemical Efficacy and Safety Trial of vitamin D) trial previously reported effects of vitamin D on plasma markers of vitamin D status, and the present report describes the effects on blood pressure, heart rate, arterial stiffness, and cardiac function.Methods and ResultsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of 305 older people living in United Kingdom, who were allocated vitamin D 4000 IU (100 μg), vitamin D 2000 IU (50 μg), or placebo daily. Primary outcomes were plasma concentrations of 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D and secondary outcomes were blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial stiffness in all participants at 6 and 12 months, plasma N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide levels in all participants at 12 months, and echocardiographic measures of cardiac function in a randomly selected subset (n=177) at 12 months. Mean (SE) plasma 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D concentrations were 50 (SE 2) nmol/L at baseline and increased to 137 (2.4), 102 (2.4), and 53 (2.4) nmol/L after 12 months in those allocated 4000 IU/d, 2000 IU/d of vitamin D, or placebo, respectively. Allocation to vitamin D had no significant effect on mean levels of blood pressure, heart rate, or arterial stiffness at either 6 or 12 months, nor on any echocardiographic measures of cardiac function, or plasma N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide concentration at 12 months.ConclusionsThe absence of any significant effect of vitamin D on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, or cardiac function suggests that any beneficial effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular disease are unlikely to be mediated through these mechanisms.Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search. Unique identifier: EudraCT number: 2011–005763‐24a

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“…At the same time, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses concluded that VitD has no effect on markers of arterial stiffness (included RCTs: n = 7 [113]; n = 13 [114]) or markers of endothelial function (included RCTs: n = 16 [112]). In alignment with this narrative review, almost all of the published systematic reviews highlight the significant methodological heterogeneity in terms of dose and duration of treatment, which limits the interpretation of the findings and raises the need for a critical appraisal, over and beyond the reported results.…”

Section: Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation for Cardiovascular Health Outcomes

Veloudi

Jones

Sharman³

2016

Pulse

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There is a plausible physiological theory, supported by many observational studies, that vitamin D supplementation should be effective for improving cardiovascular end points, such as blood pressure (BP), large artery stiffness, atherosclerosis, endothelial function and clinical events. However, results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. In this review, we evaluated the evidence regarding the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular surrogate and hard clinical end points. RCTs were assessed in terms of sample size, duration of supplementation, baseline vitamin D level inclusion criteria (i.e., absence of vitamin D deficiency), dosage of vitamin D and population under investigation. Forty-five RCTs were identified. Eight RCTs with BP and 6 RCTs with large artery stiffness as the end points were found to comply with guidelines for the optimal design of clinical trials evaluating nutrient effects. Only 2 of the RCTs with an optimal design were effective in decreasing BP with vitamin D supplementation, although these were of moderate sample size (<150) and very short duration (8 weeks for both), whilst no RCT was effective in reducing large artery stiffness. Similar results were observed for atherosclerotic and endothelial function markers as end points. Only 1 RCT reported cardiovascular events as an end point and found neither increased nor decreased incident cardiovascular events over 7 years of follow-up. In conclusion, results from published RCTs indicate that vitamin D supplementation is ineffective in improving cardiovascular health among various patient populations, including in the presence or absence of vitamin D deficiency.

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Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: There was no improvement of markers of arterial stiffness after vitamin D supplementation.

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data

Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data

Effects of Vitamin D on Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiac Function in Older People After 1 Year: BEST‐D (Biochemical Efficacy and Safety Trial of Vitamin D)

Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation for Cardiovascular Health Outcomes

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