Effect of cholesterol deficiency on the composition of phospholipids and fatty acids of the housefly, Musca domestica

Dwivedy, A.K.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(77)90048-8

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We found that the IT strain grew heavier and faster than the NL and SP strains under both 25 and 35 °C, suggesting that it evolved in an environment that favors tolerance to a broader range of temperatures. Developmental temperature can strongly influence the growth of insects (Lee & Roh, 2010; Wang et al, 2018), as well as affect the quantity and composition of the lipids stored by an individual (Dwivedy, 1977; Stefanov et al, 2002; Skorupa et al, 2008; Brückner et al, 2018; Klepsatel et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2021). Specifically, at 25 °C, the NL and SP strains had lower dry weight and lipid storage than the IT strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid quantity and composition vary between three European house fly strains

Boatta

Jansen²,

Beukeboom

et al. 2023

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Lipids are an important class of nutrients for insects, as they are the main energy source during metamorphosis and crucial for survival and reproduction. Lipid reserves in insects are mostly accumulated during larval development and can be influenced by environmental factors such as diet and temperature. Genetic factors can also affect larval lipid content and composition. Larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are a valuable emerging resource for the insect feed sector, fueling a growing interest in the factors regulating larval lipid content. We investigated whether strains of three geographical origins vary in ontogeny, quantity, and composition of stored lipids in response to temperature. Italian, Spanish, and Dutch house fly larvae were reared on a similar diet at 25 and 35 °C. Larval dry weight and total lipid content were determined in early‐, mid‐, and late‐third instars by extraction of soluble lipids. The fatty acid composition was analyzed in late‐third instars using an improved extraction and derivatization protocol. We found that strain, larval stage, and temperature affected larval dry weight and absolute and relative lipid content, with significant interaction effects between these three factors. All flies were reared in a common environment, indicating a genetic component to lipid storage. Analysis of lipid composition identified 11 fatty acids, including some rarely reported in the literature. Five fatty acids accounted for 80 and 81% of the total fatty acid methyl esters detected at 25 and 35 °C, respectively. An effect of temperature but not strain was evident on the composition of the fatty acids. The observed differences in lipid content among strains and temperature conditions could be of interest for commercial rearing of the house fly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid quantity and composition vary between three European house fly strains

Boatta

Jansen²,

Beukeboom

et al. 2023

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Recently it has been observed that, many of the pesticides and the insecticides were accumulated in lipid. The role of sterol in insect development and metamorphosis was described by Madariaga, et al; [37] and Dwivedy [14], [15]. The significance of phospholipid with PC and PE was explained by Turunen [43], [35] [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat body Lipid Profile in Male and Female Adults of Leucopholis lepidophora

2016

IJSR

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The neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) with their constituents were studied in the fat body of male and female adults of Leucopholis lepidopholis, by employing thin layer chromatography (TLC) and bioassay technique. The fat body plays major roles in the life of insects. It is a dynamic tissue involved in multiple metabolic functions. One of these functions is to store and release energy in response to the energy demands of the insect. Insects store energy reserves in the form of glycogen and triglycerides in the adipocytes. The quantity of neutral lipids in male and female fat body was measured 30.12 and 42.212 mg/gm wet weight of tissues respectively. The main component of neutral lipids was triacylglycerol. The phospholipid values in male and female were 20.66 and 14.79 mg/gm wet weight of tissues respectively. Female adult fat body contains more lipids than male. The neutral lipid consists of six components. Triacylglycerol was the main component, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, cholesterol, were moderate and cholesterol ester and free fatty acids low in quantity. Phospholipids exhibited seven constituents; phosphatidyl-choline and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine in high concentration, Lysophosphatidyl-choline and sphingomyelin in moderate concentration, and phosphatidyl-inositol , phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid low in quantity. The physiological significance of major constituents of neutral lipids and phospholipids has been discussed in relation to fat bodies.

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“…We found that the IT strain grew heavier and faster than the NL and SP strains under both 25 and 35 °C, suggesting that it evolved in an environment that favors tolerance to a broader range of temperatures. Developmental temperature can strongly influence the growth of insects (Lee & Roh, 2010;Wang et al, 2018), as well as affect the quantity and composition of the lipids stored by an individual (Dwivedy, 1977;Stefanov et al, 2002;Skorupa et al, 2008;Brückner et al, 2018;Klepsatel et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2021). Specifically, at 25 °C, the NL and SP strains had lower dry weight and lipid storage than the IT strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the genetics of fat accumulation in the house fly to foster circular economy

Boatta

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The world population is growing at an unprecedent rate and solutions to sustainably feed the increasing population are urgently needed. Insects are rich in protein and lipids hence they represent a valid alternative source of these nutrients. Selecting for leaner or fatter phenotype in insects could improve their application as feed and food or allow to convert organic material into resources destined for other applications respectively. To become a successful target of selection, a trait must meet specific criteria such as being genetically determined, being heritable, and showing the potential to respond to selection. In this thesis I aim to explore the genetics of fat accumulation in the house fly to answer if this trait meets these three criteria. In Chapter 2, I provide a general overview and most up-to-date information on the biology of the house fly with particular emphasis on its nutritional ecology, potential industrial applications of this species, and other relevant aspects, particularly in light of the potential application of this insect at industrial level. Chapter 2 wants to be a compendium for those interested in the biology of this intriguing organism and a guide for those that want to harness the potential of this insect for industrial purposes. Chapter 3 I answer the first important question to understand of fat accumulation could become target of artificial selection: is it genetically determined? In this Chapter, I used three house fly strains originated from different European locations. These were tested in a common environment at two different temperatures to investigate the ontogeny of fat reserves. The results of this experiment show that there is a strong effect of the strain in the ontogeny of fat reserves, suggesting that a genetic component determines this trait. In Chapter 4 I aim at answering the second important question about fat accumulation in the house fly: is it a heritable trait? Here I estimated the narrow sense heritability of the fat accumulation in one strain by using a half-sib paternal experimental design and two different statistical models. High heritability estimates were found for fat accumulation with the models giving similar results. I discuss the meaning of our result in the light of selecting house flies with improved fat characteristics. In Chapter 5 the last question regarding fat accumulation is answered: can this trait respond to selection? Here I used experimental evolution to test the response of fat accumulation to a selective pressure. I exposed house fly larvae for multiple generations to two nutritionally challenging diets. In this work we show that the diets induced direct, plastic responses on fat storage. Moreover, I also show that when reversed on the ancestral diet, the lines administrated the experimental diets differed significantly providing the proof that long lasting changes have occurred in these strains. Lastly, I dedicate Chapter 6 to the discussion of the experimental results obtained and give a general synthesis on the possibility to select for fat-tailored phenotypes and if fat content can be included as a goal in a selection program.

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Effect of cholesterol deficiency on the composition of phospholipids and fatty acids of the housefly, Musca domestica

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Lipid quantity and composition vary between three European house fly strains

Lipid quantity and composition vary between three European house fly strains

Fat body Lipid Profile in Male and Female Adults of Leucopholis lepidophora

Unravelling the genetics of fat accumulation in the house fly to foster circular economy

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