Effect of Chorda Tympani Nerve Transection on Salt Taste Perception in Mice

Golden, Glen J.; Ishiwatari, Yuki; Theodorides, Maria L.; Bachmanov, Alexander A.

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjr056

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This salty taste was mainly carried to the solitary nucleus in the medulla oblongata via the fiber that courses in the lingual nerve, chorda tympani, and facial nerve. 21) Since the chorda tympani courses in the middle ear close to the mastoid air cells, the nerve might be infected in our patient, developing a salty taste disturbance. Despite the negative results in the electrogustometry, the patient’s persistent complaint of salty taste disturbance was suggestive of a mild chorda tympani palsy below the threshold of the electrogustometer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lemierre Syndrome Associated with Ipsilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy: A Case Report and Review

Miyamoto

Toi

Kotani

et al. 2016

NMC Case Report Journal

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Lemierre syndrome (LS) is a rare life-threatening disease that is often caused by an acute oropharyngeal infection with a secondary thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. LS rarely manifests as cranial nerve palsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case report of LS associated with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. A 66-year-old female presented to a dental clinic with gingivitis and sore throat. Due to moderate periodontitis, her left first upper molar was extracted. A few days later, she subsequently developed a coarse voice and occipital headaches, and was referred to an otolaryngologist. She was diagnosed with left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and subsequent left-sided otitis media, and was referred to us for persistent headaches. She intermittently presented with high-grade fever and complained of salty taste disturbance. Her head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed left mastoiditis, thrombosis in the left transverse and sigmoid sinus, and left internal jugular vein. Her laboratory tests revealed an elevated white blood cell count, levels of C-reactive protein, and D-dimer. No endogenous coagulopathy was confirmed. Although, blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture grew no microorganisms, respectively, the empirically determined antibiotic therapy was initiated. In a week, the patient defervesced and had no headaches despite persistent thrombosis. Early diagnosis and an immediate antibiotic treatment are crucial for LS patients. Anticoagulation therapy was not needed for our patient and is still controversial for LS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lemierre Syndrome Associated with Ipsilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy: A Case Report and Review

Miyamoto

Toi

Kotani

et al. 2016

NMC Case Report Journal

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“…A decrease in CT nerve firing in sodium-deprived rats is thought to be a necessary response to increase salt intake [11], [40]. Transection of the CT in rats, as well as other mammals, diminishes salt avoidance, supporting the importance of this nerve in increasing salt appetite [12], [41]. HS drinking for 1 d will undoubtedly have increased the firing rate of the CT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Appetite Is Reduced by a Single Experience of Drinking Hypertonic Saline in the Adult Rat

2014

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Salt appetite, the primordial instinct to favorably ingest salty substances, represents a vital evolutionary important drive to successfully maintain body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. This innate instinct was shown here in Sprague-Dawley rats by increased ingestion of isotonic saline (IS) over water in fluid intake tests. However, this appetitive stimulus was fundamentally transformed into a powerfully aversive one by increasing the salt content of drinking fluid from IS to hypertonic saline (2% w/v NaCl, HS) in intake tests. Rats ingested HS similar to IS when given no choice in one-bottle tests and previous studies have indicated that this may modify salt appetite. We thus investigated if a single 24 h experience of ingesting IS or HS, dehydration (DH) or 4% high salt food (HSD) altered salt preference. Here we show that 24 h of ingesting IS and HS solutions, but not DH or HSD, robustly transformed salt appetite in rats when tested 7 days and 35 days later. Using two-bottle tests rats previously exposed to IS preferred neither IS or water, whereas rats exposed to HS showed aversion to IS. Responses to sweet solutions (1% sucrose) were not different in two-bottle tests with water, suggesting that salt was the primary aversive taste pathway recruited in this model. Inducing thirst by subcutaneous administration of angiotensin II did not overcome this salt aversion. We hypothesised that this behavior results from altered gene expression in brain structures important in thirst and salt appetite. Thus we also report here lasting changes in mRNAs for markers of neuronal activity, peptide hormones and neuronal plasticity in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus following rehydration after both DH and HS. These results indicate that a single experience of drinking HS is a memorable one, with long-term changes in gene expression accompanying this aversion to salty solutions.

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“…R j T represents the lowest concentration for which an unconditioned mouse rejects a bitter compound, and aR c T represents the lowest concentration for which the same mouse rejects it after aversion conditioning to a known concentration of the same compound (the intensity generalization threshold). Although we did not intensively examine how accurately aR c T obtained for each of the seven bitterants reflects the actual R c T that corresponds to the sensitivity of peripheral taste mechanisms to the stimulus [26, 27], a gap between R j T and aR c T revealed by CTA clearly indicates the acceptance of the bitterant within this concentration range. Thus, the seven structurally and chemically diverse bitter substances are all accepted at low concentrations by mice, supporting the previous observations in rats and further indicating that bitter acceptance is a general response to broad bitter stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and acquired tolerance to bitter stimuli in mice

Mura¹,

Taruno²,

Yagi³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Tolerance to bitter foods and its potentiation by repetitive exposure are commonly experienced and potentially underlie the consumption of bitter foods, but it remains unknown whether permissive and adaptive responses are general phenomena for bitter-tasting substances or specific to certain substances, and they have not been rigorously studied in mice. Here, we investigated the effects of prolonged exposure to a bitter compound on both recognition and rejection behaviors to the same compound in mice. Paired measurements of rejection (RjT) and apparent recognition (aRcT) thresholds were conducted using brief-access two-bottle choice tests before and after taste aversion conditioning, respectively. First, RjT was much higher than aRcT for the bitter amino acids L-tryptophan and L-isoleucine, which mice taste daily in their food, indicating strong acceptance of those familiar stimuli within the concentration range between RjT and aRcT. Next, we tested five other structurally dissimilar bitter compounds, to which mice were naive at the beginning of experiments: denatonium benzoate, quinine-HCl, caffeine, salicin, and epigallocatechin gallate. RjT was moderately higher than aRcT for all the compounds tested, indicating the presence of innate acceptance to these various, unfamiliar bitter stimuli in mice. Lastly, a 3-week forced exposure increased RjT for all the bitter compounds except salicin, demonstrating that mice acquire tolerance to a broad array of bitter compounds after long-term exposure to them. Although the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined, our studies provide behavioral evidence of innate and acquired tolerance to various bitter stimuli in mice, suggesting its generality among bitterants.

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Effect of Chorda Tympani Nerve Transection on Salt Taste Perception in Mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Lemierre Syndrome Associated with Ipsilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy: A Case Report and Review

Lemierre Syndrome Associated with Ipsilateral Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy: A Case Report and Review

Salt Appetite Is Reduced by a Single Experience of Drinking Hypertonic Saline in the Adult Rat

Innate and acquired tolerance to bitter stimuli in mice

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