Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, plasma metabolites, and growth hormone in pigs2

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Cr as Cr tripicolinate (CrPic) on growth, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, plasma metabolites, and growth hormone (GH) in pigs. Pigs were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 200 micrograms of Cr/kg of diet as CrPic. Thirty (15 per diet, initial BW was 21.3 kg) and 24 (12 per diet, initial BW was 24.9 kg) crossbred barrows were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The diets were formulated to provide 120% of the lysine requirement for 20- to 50-kg pigs. A glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; 500 mg of glucose/kg BW) and an insulin challenge test (IVICT; .1 IU of porcine insulin/kg BW) were conducted. In addition, during Exp. 1, a GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) challenge was conducted. All data were pooled across experiments, except where noted. Average daily gain, ADFI, gain/feed, and fasting (15 to 18 h) plasma glucose and total protein concentrations were not affected (P > .10) by dietary treatment. Fasting plasma cholesterol (P < .05) was increased and NEFA (Exp. 2 only, P < .02), urea N (P < .07), and insulin (P < .10) concentrations were decreased in pigs fed CrPic. During the IVGTT and IVICT, glucose disappearance rate (k, percentage/minute) was increased (P < .04) and glucose half-life (t1/2, minutes) was decreased (P < .04) in pigs fed CrPic; however, insulin kinetics were not altered (P > .10). During the GHRH challenge, pigs fed CrPic had decreased (P < .09) area under the response curve for GH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of chromium nanoparticle dosage on growth, body composition, serum hormones and tissue chromium in Sprague-Dawley rats

“…This agrees with Lindemann et al(1995) who reported that supplemental Cr as CrPic improved FE in growing-finishing pigs. However, Amoikon et al(1995) and Boleman et al(1995) both reported that CrPic had no effect on FE in pigs. Sahin et al(2001) also found that addition of 200 and 400 ppb Cr from CrCl 3 had no effect on FE in growing rabbits.…”

Effects of dietary chromium-yeast in weaning-stressed piglets

“…However, we found that dietary Cr supplementation had no influence on NEFA levels. By contrast Cr from Cr-PIC has been observed to reduce plasma NEFA concentration in calves (Kitchalong et al 1993;Bunting et al 1994) and pigs of 25 kg (Amoikon et al 1995). The reduced adipose tissue mobilisation was explained by an increased secretion or activity of insulin (Amoikon et al 1995).…”

“…By contrast Cr from Cr-PIC has been observed to reduce plasma NEFA concentration in calves (Kitchalong et al 1993;Bunting et al 1994) and pigs of 25 kg (Amoikon et al 1995). The reduced adipose tissue mobilisation was explained by an increased secretion or activity of insulin (Amoikon et al 1995). Ward et al (1997) also reported that dietary Cr supplementation was effective in reducing plasma NEFA in pigs fed 80% of the lysine requirement; however, dietary Cr increased plasma NEFA levels of pigs fed 120% of the lysine requirement.…”

“…According to these authors, therefore, the metabolic response to dietary Cr supplementation seems to depend on the nutritional status of the animal. Evock-Clover et al (1993) and Amoikon et al (1995) reported increased glucose clearance and reduced glucose half-life during a glucose tolerance test in pigs fed Cr-Pic. These findings are consistent with the significantly reduced plasma glucose levels we observed in piglets supplemented with Cr and injected with ACTH; the mechanism of this action could be greater insulin sensitivity following Cr treatment and this is consistent with our finding that plasma insulin did not change in piglets supplemented with Cr and injected with ACTH.…”

“…In reviewing human and animal data, Mertz (1993) concluded that Cr deficiency may result in insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. Subsequently, dietary Cr, given as Cr tripicolinate (Cr-PIC) to lambs, calves and growing pigs, was shown to increase the rate of glucose disappearance from blood (k) with decreased half-life (T 1/2 ) (Kitchalong et al 1993;Bunting et al 1994;Amoikon et al 1995). Although the main physiological role of Cr seems to be to potentiate insulin action, it is also involved in several other biological functions, including lipid, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism (Anderson et al 1987;Mertz 1993).…”