Effect of chronic alcoholism on semen—studies on lipid profiles

Gomathi, C.; Balasubramanian, K.; Bhanu, Natarajan V.; Srikanth, V.; Govindarajulu, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01176.x

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It also has teratogenic effects on the foetus during pregnancy (Gordon et al, 1976;Oullette et al, 1977;VanThiel et al, 1980;Kumar, 1982). Human and animal studies have both shown that alcohol consumption produces significant spermatozoal morphological changes (VanThiel et al, 1980;Brzek, 1987;Gomathi et al., 1993) and reduced sperm quality has been reported in chronic alcoholics (VanThiel et al, 1980;Brzek, 1987;Gomathi et al, 1993). Testicular damage can occur (VanThiel et aL, 1975) and sperm motion characteristics such as progressive motiiity are reduced (Pajarinen etal., 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct effect of alcohol on the motility and morphology of human spermatozoa

Donnelly¹,

McClure²,

Kennedy³

et al. 1999

Andrologia

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Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with impaired reproductive function by causing the inhibition of penile tumescence and ejaculatory capability. Alcohol intoxication has also been implicated in impaired spermatogenesis and an increase in sperm structural anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the direct effects of alcohol on sperm motility and morphology in vitro. Semen samples from 67 subjects were prepared using density centrifugation. Ethanol was added, at concentrations in serum equivalent to social, moderate and heavy drinking, to the medium in which the spermatozoa were cultured. Sperm motility was assessed using computer assisted semen analysis and morphology was assessed by Tygerberg strict criteria after 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min exposure. Each concentration of ethanol produced significant decreases in the percentage progressive motility, straight line velocity and curvilinear velocity. The amplitude of lateral head displacement was also depressed by 300 and 500 mg dL-1 of ethanol. A significant decrease in the number of spermatozoa with normal morphology and an increase in irreversible tail defects were observed after exposure to 300 mg dL-1 ethanol. When alcohol is added directly to sperm, at concentrations equivalent to those in serum after moderate and heavy drinking, damaging effects are observed in both sperm motility and morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct effect of alcohol on the motility and morphology of human spermatozoa

Donnelly¹,

McClure²,

Kennedy³

et al. 1999

Andrologia

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“…In terms of lipids in sperm, capacitation (13), alcoholism (14), storage (15), and passage through the epididymis (16) or cervical mucus (17) have been found to alter lipid composition. Although there are many studies on lipids in sperm, there has been no comprehensive, comparative study on the lipid composition of eggs versus sperm, or their changes during fertilization.…”

Section: Lipid Signaling Related To Fertilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid levels in sperm, eggs, and during fertilization in Xenopus laevis

Petcoff

Holland

Stith

2008

Journal of Lipid Research

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Critical developmental periods, such as fertilization, involve metabolic activation, membrane fusion events such as sperm-egg or plasma membrane-cortical granule merger, and production and hydrolysis of phospholipids. However, there has been no large-scale quantification of phospholipid changes during fertilization. Using an enzymatic assay, traditional FA analysis by TLC and gas chromatography, along with a new method of phospholipid measurement involving HPLC separation and evaporative light-scattering detection, we report lipid levels in eggs, sperm, and during fertilization in Xenopus laevis. Sperm were found to contain different amounts of phospholipids as compared with eggs. During fertilization, total phosphatidylinositol, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylserine decreased, and ceramide increased, whereas there was no change in phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, or phosphatidylethanolamine. FA analysis of phospholipids found numerous changes during fertilization. Because there is an increase in sn-1,2-diacylglycerol at fertilization, the FAs associated with this increase and the source of the increase in this neutral lipid were examined. Finally, activation of phospholipase C, phospholipase D, phospholipase A2, autotoxin, and sphingomyelinase at fertilization is discussed. Major goals of the LIPID Metabolites and Pathways Strategy (LIPID MAPS) are to "separate and detect all of the lipids in a specific cell," "to quantitate each of the lipid metabolites present and determine the changes in their levels," and to study lipid metabolic pathways during biological events (1). Characterizing changes in the lipid composition during defined biological events is part of the concept of "functional lipidomics" (2). These fundamental, descriptive studies will facilitate our understanding of how lipids regulate membrane fluidity and fusion, lipid rafts, the cytoskeleton, kinases, and protein binding to membranes (e.g., 3-5) to induce pleiotropic cellular effects.About 15 years ago, quantification of lipid mass changes during maturation of the oocyte to the fertilizable egg, and during fertilization of the egg by sperm, was begun in Xenopus laevis (6-9). Critical developmental events can be isolated in vitro with this model system, and large numbers of gametes can be obtained to provide sufficient amounts of second messengers and lipids. During fertilization, membrane bending and fusion are associated with the acrosome reaction of sperm (wherein the large sperm acrosome undergoes exocytosis upon interaction with layers that cover the egg), with sperm-egg merger, and with subsequent fertilization events such as cortical granule exocytosis (10, 11). Furthermore, both Xenopus and human eggs are arrested in meiosis II (12).Compared with oocytes, one disadvantage of studying eggs is that they have a short life, much less than the estimated time for lipid precursor incorporation to near equilibrium levels (6, 7). Thus, lipid analysis based on label incorporation or turnover is not reliable, and ...

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“…CHRONIC male alcoholics and experimental animals exposed to ethanol have subnormal levels of testosterone [1][2][3][4][5]. The Leydig cells are the primary source of testicular androgen [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%