Effect of cigarette smoking on coronary arteries and pattern and severity of coronary artery disease: a review

Salehi, Nahid; Janjani, Parisa; Tadbiri, Hooman; Rozbahani, Mohammad; Jalilian, Milad

doi:10.1177/03000605211059893

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A recent review found that SMOK status was related to CAD severity and the damaged artery's location in the heart. Nevertheless, there was no significant association between SMOK status and the number of damaged vessels and arterial occlusion location [24]. We also found significant differences between males and females in vessel numbers and the vessels involved (LAD), which was higher in males.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease, Clinical Characteristics, and Angiographic Features in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Sayed¹

2022

Cureus

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Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide. In Saudi Arabia and the gulf area, coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered a serious problem with high mortality. Previous studies identified multiple risk factors, that include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, and low physical activity, which might be related to lifestyle changes over the last few decades. Limited data about gender differences in clinical and angiographic characteristics among CAD patients in the Jazan region are available. The aim of this study is to assess potential gender differences in CAD and its clinical characteristics and angiographic features in the Jazan region.Methods: This retrospective chart review collected data between January 2020 and March 2021 from the follow-ups of 498 patients (100 females and 398 males) aged over 18 years at the Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. The data were collected after all patients admitted to the hospital were reviewed, and cardiac catheterization was performed.Results: Of the 498 patients with CAD, 100 (20.1%) were female and 398 (79.9%) were male. The mean age of female patients (59.44 years) was significantly higher than that of male patients (55.1 years; P=0.0002). In addition, risk factors differed significantly between genders (P=0.0210). Moreover, vessels differed significantly between genders (P=0.0002). Coronary angiogram findings showed significant correlations between gender and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; P=0.0001) and MEDICAL (P=0.0010). Diagnosis findings showed significant gender differences in STEMI (P<0.0010) and unstable angina (P<0.0010).Conclusions: CAD severity did not differ by gender, but coronary angiogram findings showed significant relationships between gender, PCI, and MEDICAL treatment with CAD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease, Clinical Characteristics, and Angiographic Features in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Sayed¹

2022

Cureus

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“…In ve trials, smoking was associated with the severity of CAD. [31] Generally, it is necessary to preselect patients with severe chest pain when employing MDCT as a noninvasive diagnostic method to evaluate advanced CAD to get accurate results. Therefore, the policy implications for MDCT examinations for CAD in the symptomatic population are signi cant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Multidetector CT Coronary Artery for diagnosis and risk factors of chronic total occlusion in patients with severe chest pain

Alshammari

Almalahi

Abdelmalik

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Differentiating chronic total occlusion (CTO) from subtotal coronary occlusions (STOs) is often challenging to make from coronary angiography. Multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) is essential in diagnosing and differentiating CTO from STO in symptomatic patients. The study is designed to explore the value of MDCT coronary angiography in discrimination between CTO and STO and assess the risk stratification in patients with severe chest pain. Methods This study is a descriptive cross-sectional one conducted from January 2021 to June 2022. A total of fifty patients (29 males, 21 females), ages ranging from (30–80 years), with coronary artery disease CAD) presented to the hospital with severe chest pain and were suspected of having arterial occlusion. They were examined using MDCT angiography. Results The prevalence of CAD was higher in males than females (58% vs. 42%). CAD was most prevalent in the age group of 51–60 (34%). Hypertension, DM, and smoking were the most common risk of CTO of coronary arteries. The CT findings of the coronary arteries showed that 27 cases (54%) were occluded entirely, while 23 (46%) were sub-totally occluded. It was shown that coronary artery calcification (CAC) was higher in patients with STO of coronary arteries compared to patients with CTO (26 cases subtotal vs. 20 cases total occlusion). The LAD was occluded in 30% of the patients and subtotal occluded in 20%, while the RCA was occluded in 14% and 18% subtotally occluded in the patients. The LCX was least frequent to occlusion. The Odd adjusted ratio (AOR) showed that diabetic patients had 1.68 increased Odds of having CTO of coronary arteries compared to non-diabetes (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = .397–7.089), while hypertensive had 1.42 increased odds of having CTO compared to non-hypertensive (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI= (.366-5.474)). Smokers had 2.20 increased Odds of having CTO compared to non-smokers (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI = .461-10.532) Conclusion The study concluded that MDCT angiography is reliable and helps differentiate CTO from STO Hypertension, DM, and smoking are the most significant factors for CTO of coronary arteries. MDCT is recommended as a screening imaging tool for CAD symptomatic and asymptomatic populations.

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“…Non-enzymatic glycation also produces AGEs from the interaction of aldehyde groups of the reducing sugars that interact with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [172] . In addition to diabetes, another risk factor for CVD and myocardial infarction is smoking [173][174][175] . Elevated levels of ApoB-100 and albumin AGEs have been found in the blood of smokers [176] .…”

Section: Mechanism Of Glycation and Effects Of Gldlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel insight into the nature of modified low-density lipoproteins and their role in atherosclerosis

2023

Vessel Plus

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Atherosclerosis plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) is a critical event in atherogenesis. Native LDL undergoes several modifications that can lead to the formation of atherogenic modified LDLs. LDL modifications change their physicochemical and biological properties. Possible modifications include changes in the lipoprotein particle's structure, size, charge, and composition. Uptake and utilization of modified LDLs are impaired in cells. Macrophages take up modified LDLs that promote forming of foam cells, one of the critical cellular components of atherosclerotic lesions. Nevertheless, the direct role of each atherogenic LDL modification in atherogenesis remains uncertain. This review highlights LDL's most critical atherogenic modifications, including oxidized, enzymemodified, non-oxidative, desialylated, glycated and carbamylated LDLs. Studying the role of each type of LDL modification will clarify the unknown elements of atherosclerosis progression and facilitate the development of effective methods for its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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Effect of cigarette smoking on coronary arteries and pattern and severity of coronary artery disease: a review

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease, Clinical Characteristics, and Angiographic Features in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Disease, Clinical Characteristics, and Angiographic Features in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Value of Multidetector CT Coronary Artery for diagnosis and risk factors of chronic total occlusion in patients with severe chest pain

A novel insight into the nature of modified low-density lipoproteins and their role in atherosclerosis

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