Effect of cigarette smoking on paraoxonase 1 activity according to PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms

Abstract

Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity according to PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms. Materials and methods Our sample included 300 voluntary subjects: 138 nonsmokers and 162 current smokers aged 38.47 ± 21.91 and 35.55 ± 16.03 years, respectively. PON1 activity was determined by kinetic methods. L55M and Q192R gene polymorphisms of PON1 were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results We found in smokers a significant decrease of PON1 activity before and after adjustment. We noted a significant association between smoking status and lower PON1 activity [odds ratio (OR) = 3.03, confidence interval 95% = 1.5-5.9, p = 0.001]. In smokers, there was significant association between PON1 activity and PON1 L55M polymorphisms (p = 0.01). Also, the 55MM genotype presented the lowest paraoxonase activity, while the 55LL genotype showed the highest one. After adjustment for confounding variables, smokers with PON1 L55M polymorphism had the highest risk for lower PON1 activity; however, PON1 Q192R genotype might protect smokers from decrease in PON1 activity. We found significant interaction between the effect of cigarette smoking and both PON1 L55M and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms on lower PON1 activity. Conclusions Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with decrease in PON1 activity. Moreover, PON1 L55M polymorphism predisposes smokers to decreased PON1 activity in contrast to PON1 Q192R genotype.

Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) as a genetic marker of diabetic nephropathy in youth with type 1 diabetes

“…As described in the literature about different populations [5,28,[35][36][37], we noted that PON1 activity reached its maximum for LL and RR genotypes and its minimum for MM and QQ genotypes in patients and in controls. We therefore concluded that LL and RR genotypes may be protective against oxidative damage of lipoprotein by decreasing peroxidation of LDL by HDL.…”

Association of Paraoxonase 1 L55m and Q192r Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…42 A recent study showed that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with a decrease in PON1 activity. 38 Besides, higher plasma oxidized LDL levels have been found in smokers, 43 and also, the mean plasma oxidized LDL levels in patients with AMD was found to be significantly higher than in the controls. 22 Otherwise, nicotine has been found to stimulate neovascularization by inducing endothelial cell proliferation and accelerating fibrovascular growth 44 and also to increase severity of choroidal neovascularization.…”

“…It has also been shown in a recent study that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with a decrease in PON1 activity. 38 There have also been associations found between atherosclerosis, systemic hypertension, obesity, and AMD. [39][40][41] In our study, the frequency of smoking was higher in AMD patients than in controls and was found to be associated with an increased risk of AMD (odds ratio = 2.34; P = 0.003) after adjusting for confounding variables (age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia).…”

The Genes Associated With Lipid Metabolism Disorders and With Blood Pressure Regulation, and Psychovegetative Changes in the Young Almost Healthy Persons

“…Полиморфизм L55M A>T (rs854560) гена PON1 определяет содержание параоксоназы 1 в крови, а именно, наличие аллеля 55L в генотипе связано с более низким содержанием фермента по сравнению с вариантом 55М [10]. Однако более высокое содержание параоксоназы 1 у лиц-носителей аллеля 55М приводит к понижению стабильности параоксоназы 1, что может резко снижать ее активность, особенно под действием внешних факторов, например, таких, как курение [15]. Психовегетативные нарушения, ассоциированные с присутствием в генотипе 55М аллеля полиморфизма L55M A>T гена PON1, у обследованных лиц, вероятно, могут быть обусловлены меньшей стабильностью фермента параоксоназы в сыворотке крови, и, следовательно, снижением антиокислительных и антиатерогенных свойств данного фермента, что, в свою очередь, приводит к изменению функционирования нервной системы и развитию ее дисфункции.…”