Effect of citric acid, vitamin D3, and high-dose phytase on performance of broiler chicken fed diet severely limited in non-phytate phosphorus

Feeding broiler chicks with Schizosaccharomyces pombe-expressed phytase-containing diet improves growth performance, phosphorus digestibility, toe ash, and footpad lesions

“…Therefore, in the present study, dietary supplementation of S. pombe -expressed phytase improvement of the growth performance of broiler chicks was related to the improvement of phosphorus utilization, manifested in the increase of the AID of phosphorus and the toe ash, which was consistent with the studies of Taheri and Mirisakhani [ 48 ] and Hajimohammadi et al [ 34 ]. On the other hand, Liu et al [ 6 ] reported that phytase supplementation could downregulate the somatostatin gene and upregulate the ghrelin gene, which may be the molecular mechanism whereby phytase improves growth performance.…”

“…The improvement of carcass weight was observed in feeding broiler chicks with S. pombe -expressed phytase-containing diet. This can be predicted because the increase of carcass weight was related to the increase of body weight, a higher body weight corresponds to a higher carcass weight [ 48 ]. Similarly, several studies have reported that feeding broiler chicks with phytase-containing diet improved body weight, thus leading to a higher carcass weight [ 34 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…This can be predicted because the increase of carcass weight was related to the increase of body weight, a higher body weight corresponds to a higher carcass weight [ 48 ]. Similarly, several studies have reported that feeding broiler chicks with phytase-containing diet improved body weight, thus leading to a higher carcass weight [ 34 , 48 , 49 ]. However, dietary supplementation of phytase did not affect the relative weight of breast weight, liver, bursa of fabricius, abdominal fat, spleen, and gizzard.…”

“…However, dietary supplementation of phytase did not affect the relative weight of breast weight, liver, bursa of fabricius, abdominal fat, spleen, and gizzard. Some studies also reported that feeding broiler chicks with phytase-containing diet did not affect the relative weight of breast muscle [ 29 , 48 ], liver [ 30 , 50 ], bursa of fabricius [ 34 , 51 ], abdominal fat [ 49 , 50 ], spleen [ 33 , 52 ], and gizzard [ 30 , 53 ]. Therefore, we considered that the development of organs was not sensitive to the supplementation of graded levels of S. pombe -expressed phytase.…”

A comparative study on the effects of fungal and bacterial phytase with or without citric acid on growth performance, serum mineral profile, bone quality, and nutrient retention in broilers

“…It was reported that organic acid decreases the pH of the broilers, and adding it to diets increases the effectiveness of added phytase [ 4 , 5 ]. Additionally, the synergistic effect of dietary phytase with citric acid (CA) was informed by several scientists [ 6 – 8 ]. The mechanism can be explained by the fact that the intestinal pH of broilers may decrease with the addition of CA, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of phytase because it correlates with the concentration of other free cations and acidity.…”