Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. III. Trophic cascade, size structure and composition

Reul, Andreas; Muñoz, M.; Bautista, Begoña; Neale, Patrick J.; Sobrino, Cristina; Mercado, Jesús M.; Segovia, Marı́a; Sallés, Soluna; Kulk, Gemma; Léon, Pierre; Poll, Willem H. van de; Pérez, E.; Buma, Anita G. J.; Blanco, José María

doi:10.3354/ab00585

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Subsamples between 10 and 20 ml (depending on microbial biomass) were filtered through 0.2 µm pore size black filters (Nuclepore™) at low pressure. A quarter of the filter was stained with DAPI (Porter & Feig 1980) and counted in an inverted Zeiss III RS epifluorescence microscope (1250×); fluorescence of cells was observed Reul et al (2014); IV: Sobrino et al (2014) by using a standard filter set for UV excitation (MacIsaac & Stockner 1993). At least 1000 individuals and 10 fields were counted in each treatment.…”

Section: Bacterial Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this first article, we present an overview of the variation of physico-chemical variables in the experiment and the coupled variation in biomass characteristics, both between and within trophic levels. Later articles in the series present more detailed results on rates of production , changes in size distribution and taxonomic composition (Reul et al 2014) and indicators of physiological condition ) (all this Theme Section).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. I. Abiotic conditions and biological responses

Neale¹,

Sobrino²,

Segovia³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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spread effects are expected to occur over the coming de cades, resulting in an alteration of the planet's geological, biological, and ecological systems. In marine microbial communities, ongoing and future changes are expected due to global warming, increased CO 2 , increased anthropogenic nitrogen sup- ABSTRACT: We report on results of a microcosm experiment to study the interactive effects of elevated CO 2 , high organic and inorganic nutrient loading, and high irradiance on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton from the Mediterranean coastal ecosystem of the Alboran Sea. This experiment was part of the Group for Aquatic Productivity 9th international workshop and was conducted by Working Group 1 (WG1: Phytoplankton of coastal waters, www.gap9.uma.es). Over a 7 d period, we measured the variation in physical and chemical variables and the characteristics of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in microcosms incubated under 8 treatments, representing full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of CO 2 supply, nutrient concentrations and solar radiation exposure. For each treatment combination, we incubated triplicate microcosms consisting of 20 l polyethylene bags which were transparent to ultraviolet radiation. Sustained growth of phytoplankton biomass (chl a) occurred in all treatments. The absence of mesozooplankton in the microcosms resulted in a trophic cascade. Picophytoplankton were initially stimulated but then decreased, apparently due to microzooplankton grazing, and were largely replaced by diatoms. Bacteria were also initially stimulated and then decreased, but eventually recovered. Responses were modified markedly by nutrient enrichment and light availability, with moderate effects of elevated CO 2 . Relative to ambient CO 2 , elevated CO 2 resulted in higher chl a under low irradiance, but lower chl a under high irradiance.

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Section: Bacterial Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. I. Abiotic conditions and biological responses

Neale¹,

Sobrino²,

Segovia³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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“…These responses overlay concomitant taxonomic and size changes in the microcosm assemblages, although diatoms were the main plankton fraction contributing to total biomass during the whole experiment (Mercado et al 2014, Reul et al 2014. Throughout all these changes, and probably due to ongoing physiological acclimation, chl a steadily increased over time in all the treatments, with nutrient addition further stimulating growth (Neale et al 2014a).…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Phytoplankton Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contribution of diatoms to plankton biomass decreased on Day 6 due to both silicate depletion and the increase of the small cell fraction. In terms of biomass, > 20 µm autotrophic cells were the main plankton fraction during the whole experiment (Mercado et al 2014, Reul et al 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. IV. Physiological responses

Sobrino¹,

Segovia²,

Neale³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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We studied the physiological response of phytoplankton to the interacting effects of 3 factors affected by global climate change: CO 2 , nutrient loading and irradiance. Treatments had a high and low level for each factor: CO 2 was bubbled at 1000 ppm by volume versus present atmo spheric values; high nutrient treatments had a combination of inorganic and organic nutrients; and light treatments were obtained by covering the tanks with a single or double layer of screen. We measured esterase activity, oxidative stress (ROS), cell death, DNA damage, photosynthetic efficiency and 14 C assimilation as particulate or dissolved organic material (POC and DOC respectively). Conditions simulating future global change scenarios showed similar chlorophyllnormalized primary productivity as present conditions. The main effect driving phytoplankton physiology was the downregulation of the photosynthetic apparatus by elevated CO 2 , which decreased esterase activity, ROS, cell death and DNA damage. Nutrient concentration and light acted as additional modulators, upregulating or contributing to downregulation. The percentage of DO 14 C extracellular release (PER) was low (0 to 27%), significantly lower under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than under photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and acted mainly to reequilibrate the internal balance when cells grown under UVR were exposed to PAR. PER was almost 3 times lower under high CO 2 , confirming a higher resource use efficiency of phytoplankton under future CO 2 concentrations.

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“…This analysis provides individual pictures of each particle in the vision field. After data acquisition, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance were estimated by manual selection of phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively [31]. For phytoplankton, 30 mL of sample preserved with formol (4% f.c.)…”

Section: Physico-chemical and Biological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Efficient Are Semi-Natural Ponds in Assimilating Wastewater Effluents? Application to Fuente de Piedra Ramsar, Mediterranean Salt Lake (South of Spain)

de-los-Ríos-Mérida

Reul

Muñoz

et al. 2017

Water

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This work concerns the case study of a Mediterranean Ramsar salt lake (Fuente de Piedra, southern Spain) that receives the treated wastewater of the local village treatment plant. The wastewater goes through a system of canals, water dams, and three semi-natural ponds that were built in 2005. This work aims to investigate the capacity of the system to assimilate the impact of wastewater effluents on Lake Fuente de Piedra. For this, four points were sampled on 27-29 April 2016, at the inlet and the outlet points of the first and the third semi-natural ponds, with three replicates each. Temperature, pH, and conductivity at the inlet were 19.62 • C, 7.99, and 3262.67 µS/cm, respectively, and increased through the pond system by 7.59%, 8.04%, and 37.34%, respectively. Phytoplankton concentration indicators decreased from the inlet point to the outlet point (chlorophyll a from >500 to <20mg/L), as did the biovolume (from >5 × 10 10 to 4.3 × 10 9 µm 3 /mL). Zooplankton biovolume, in contrast, increased three orders of magnitude from the inlet (3.5 × 10 7 µm 3 /mL) to the outlet point (1.6 × 10 9 µm 3 /mL). Heterotrophic bacteria (1.29 × 10 5 cfu/mL) and faecal enterococci (1033 ± 351 cfu/100 mL) were high at the inlet point, but decreased at the outlet point by almost three orders of magnitude. Total phosphorous and total nitrogen decreased 40.3% and 23.1% through the pond system. The results showed an improvement in water quality in its passage through the built system. Additionally, as permanent wetlands with acceptable water quality, the water system attracts wild fauna during the dry summer, leading to the conclusion that these semi-natural or artificial wetlands should be extrapolated to other aquatic ecosystems (Mediterranean wetlands) that receive contributions of residual waters. Better functioning of the treatment plant is desirable to improve the conservation of the Ramsar and adjacent wetlands systems.

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Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. III. Trophic cascade, size structure and composition

Cited by 25 publications

References 86 publications

Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. I. Abiotic conditions and biological responses

Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. I. Abiotic conditions and biological responses

Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on coastal plankton. IV. Physiological responses

How Efficient Are Semi-Natural Ponds in Assimilating Wastewater Effluents? Application to Fuente de Piedra Ramsar, Mediterranean Salt Lake (South of Spain)

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