Effect of coculture of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminants and non-ruminants with methanogenic bacteria on cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme activities

Teunissen, M. J.; Kets, E.P.W.; Camp, Huub J. M. Op den; Veld, J.H.J. Huis in‘t; Vogels, Godfried D.

doi:10.1007/bf00245287

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Alcohol, introduced in the rumen by diets, is known to be only partially (about 20%) transformed to VFA by the rumen microorganisms (Durix et al, 1991) and most alcohol is known to be absorbed through the rumen wall (Burning and Yokoyama, 1988). In the rumen, alcohols also can be synthesized by fungi (Teunissen et al, 1992) and bacteria (Laukova and Marounek, 1992), and production of alcohol is an electron sink in fermentation (Teunissen et al, 1992), in agreement with the observed accumulation of alcohols with high starch intake (Allison et al, 1964). Alcohols are removed from the rumen by microbial metabolism and absorption (Jean-Blain et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of Alcohol Fermented Feed on Lactating Performance, Blood Metabolites, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Cholesterol Content in Holstein Lactating Cows

Park²,

Yan

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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A feeding experiment with 40 lactating Holstein cows and 4 dietary treatments was conducted to investigate supplementation with different levels of alcohol fermented feed to the TMR on lactating performance, blood metabolites, milk fatty acid profile and cholesterol concentration of blood and milk. Forty Holstein lactating cows (106±24 d post-partum; mean±SD) were distributed into four groups and randomly assigned to one of four treatments with each containing 10 cows per treatment. The treatment supplemented with TMR (DM basis) as the control (CON), and CON mixed with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5%, 10% and 15% of the TMR as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by supplementation of AFF. An increased 4% FCM in the milk occurred in cows fed T3 diet compared with CON, while T1 and T2 diets decreased 4% FCM in a dose dependent manner. Supplementation of AFF increased the concentration of albumin, total protein (TP), ammonia, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum compared with CON. In contrast, supplementation with AFF clearly decreased concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total cholesterol (TC) compare with CON. AFF supplementation increased the proportion of C18:1n9 and C18:2n6 compared to CON. A decrease in the concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) for T1, T2 and T3 resulted in an increased unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) to SFA ratio compared to CON. Concentration of cholesterol in milk fat was reduced in proportion to the supplemental level of AFF. Feeding a diet supplemented with a moderate level AFF to lactating cows could be a way to alter the feed efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk by increasing potentially human consumer healthy fatty acid without detrimental effects on feed intake and milk production. A substantially decreased cholesterol proportion in milk induced by supplementation AFF suggests that alcohol fermented feed may improve milk cholesterol levels without any negative effects in lactating cows.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effect of Alcohol Fermented Feed on Lactating Performance, Blood Metabolites, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Cholesterol Content in Holstein Lactating Cows

Park²,

Yan

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…Dehority and coworkers (3,7,11,14) and subsequently others (5,24) demonstrated that cocultures of highly xylanolytic, poor utilizers (cellulolytic species) and weakly xylanolytic, good utilizers (e.g., P. ruminicola) were able to more completely utilize xylan than their respective monocultures (5,14,24). The results of other experiments (19,31,35) suggest that the enhanced rates of xylan utilization displayed by certain cocultures of ruminal microorganisms (e.g., xylanolytic and methanogenic species) may be the result of decreased accumulation of soluble intermediates in these cultures and their influence on the levels of xylanolytic enzymes produced. Williams et al (36) showed that improved xylan utilization resulted from cocultures of the xylan-degrading species of the ruminal fungus Neocallimastix frontalis and the soluble sugarutilizing species S. ruminantium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In contrast to the findings of the above studies, xylan utilization was not enhanced in cocultures of B. fibrisolvens and S. ruminantium. While the removal of potentially inhibitory regulators of enzyme synthesis may stimulate the production of xylanolytic enzymes in certain cases (30)(31)(32), competition for available growth substrate likely also influences the growth, species composition, and enzymatic activities produced in mixed cultures (23). Presumably, a balance between the numbers of polysaccharide-digesting and competing oligosaccharide-utilizing species must arise for a stable fermentation to result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and utilization of xylan by the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium

Cotta

Zeltwanger

1995

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The cross-feeding of xylan hydrolysis products between the xylanolytic bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens H17c and the xylooligosaccharide-fermenting bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium GA192 was investigated. Cultures were grown anaerobically in complex medium containing oat spelt xylan, and the digestion of xylan and the generation and subsequent utilization of xylooligosaccharide intermediates were monitored over time. Monocultures of B. fibrisolvens rapidly degraded oat spelt xylan, and a pool of extracellular degradation intermediates composed of low-molecular-weight xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose through xylopentaose and larger, unidentified oligomers) accumulated in these cultures. The ability of S. ruminantium to utilize the products of xylanolysis by B. fibrisolvens was demonstrated by its ability to grow on xylan that had first been digested by the extracellular xylanolytic enzymes of B. fibrisolvens. Although enzymatic hydrolysis converted the xylan to soluble products, this alone was not sufficient to assure complete utilization by S. ruminantium, and considerable quantities of oligosaccharides remained following growth. Stable xylan-utilizing cocultures of S. ruminantium and B. fibrisolvens were established, and the utilization of xylan was monitored. Despite the presence of an oligosaccharide-fermenting organism, accumulations of acid-alcohol soluble products were still noted; however, the composition of carbohydrates present in these cultures differed from that seen when B. fibrisolvens was cultivated alone. Residual carbohydrates present at various times during growth were of higher average degree of polymerization in cocultures than in cultures of B. fibrisolvens alone. Structural characterization of these residual products may help define the limitations on the assimilation of xylooligosaccharides by ruminal bacteria.

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“…In the rumen, however, this metabolic profile shifts due to interspecies hydrogen transfer with physically associated methanogens (Orpin & Joblin, 1997;Voncken et al, 2002), resulting in the energetically favourable disposal of electrons via methanogenesis (Cheng et al, 2009). Enhanced anaerobic fungal enzyme production and fibre dedgradation have been reported to occur as a consequence of this favourable interaction (Bauchop & Mountfort, 1981;Mountfort et al, 1982;Teunissen et al, 1992;Cheng et al, 2009); however, interactions with other rumen microorganism are not always so mutually beneficial (Gordon & Phillips, 1998). Incubation of anaerobic fungi with protozoa inhibits fungal-mediated plant cell wall degradation (Lee et al, 2000a); presumably due to protozoal predation of zoospores and potential damage caused to fungal cell walls by protozoal enzymes (Morgavi et al, 1994;Miltko et al, 2014).…”

Section: Significance For Other Gut Microorganism and The Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic fungi (phylumNeocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential

Gruninger

Puniya

Callaghan

et al. 2014

FEMS Microbiol Ecol

312

256

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Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota) inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of mammalian herbivores, where they play an important role in the degradation of plant material. The Neocallimastigomycota represent the earliest diverging lineage of the zoosporic fungi; however, understanding of the relationships of the different taxa (both genera and species) within this phylum is in need of revision. Issues exist with the current approaches used for their identification and classification, and recent evidence suggests the presence of several novel taxa (potential candidate genera) that remain to be characterised. The life cycle and role of anaerobic fungi has been well characterised in the rumen, but not elsewhere in the ruminant alimentary tract. Greater understanding of the 'resistant' phase(s) of their life cycle is needed, as is study of their role and significance in other herbivores. Biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi, and their highly active cellulolytic and hemi-cellulolytic enzymes, has been a rapidly increasing area of research and development in the last decade. The move towards understanding of anaerobic fungi using -omics based (genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic) approaches is starting to yield valuable insights into the unique cellular processes, evolutionary history, metabolic capabilities and adaptations that exist within the Neocallimastigomycota.

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Effect of coculture of anaerobic fungi isolated from ruminants and non-ruminants with methanogenic bacteria on cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme activities

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Alcohol Fermented Feed on Lactating Performance, Blood Metabolites, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Cholesterol Content in Holstein Lactating Cows

Effect of Alcohol Fermented Feed on Lactating Performance, Blood Metabolites, Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Cholesterol Content in Holstein Lactating Cows

Degradation and utilization of xylan by the ruminal bacteria Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Selenomonas ruminantium

Anaerobic fungi (phylumNeocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential

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