Effect of codeine on the inspiratory and expiratory burst pattern during fictive cough in cats

Bolser, Donald C.; DeGennaro, Frances C.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90792-7

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lack of relationship between inspiratory and expiratory motor burst amplitudes differs from that reported previously for the fictive cough model in the cat by our group [28]. In that study, we showed that there was a linear relationship between inspiratory and expiratory neurogram amplitudes during fictive cough that was disrupted by codeine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

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Spatiotemporal regulation of the cough motor pattern

Wang

Saha

Rose

et al. 2009

Cough

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The purpose of this study was to identify the spatiotemporal determinants of the cough motor pattern. We speculated that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the cough motor pattern would be regulated separately. Electromyograms (EMG) of abdominal muscles (ABD, rectus abdominis or transversus abdominis), and parasternal muscles (PS) were recorded in anesthetized cats. Repetitive coughing was produced by mechanical stimulation of the lumen of the intrathoracic trachea. Cough inspiratory (CTI) and expiratory (CTE) durations were obtained from the PS EMG. The ABD EMG burst was confined to the early part of CTE and was followed by a quiescent period of varying duration. As such, CTE was divided into two segments with CTE1 defined as the duration of the ABD EMG burst and CTE2 defined as the period of little or no EMG activity in the ABD EMG. Total cough cycle duration (CTTOT) was strongly correlated with CTE2 (r2>0.8), weakly correlated with CTI (r2<0.3), and not correlated with CTE1 (r2<0.2). There was no significant relationship between CTI and CTE1 or CTE2. The magnitudes of inspiratory and expiratory motor drive during cough were only weakly correlated with each other (r2<0.36) and were not correlated with the duration of any phase of cough. The results support: a) separate regulation of CTI and CTE, b) two distinct subphases of CTE (CTE1 and CTE2), c) the duration of CTE2 is a primary determinant of CTTOT, and d) separate regulation of the magnitude and temporal features of the cough motor pattern.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…In the fictive model, cough was produced in the absence of active or passive muscle movement in decerebrated, paralyzed animals [28,30,31]. Therefore, the contribution of sensory feedback from active muscle movement to the cough motor pattern generator was eliminated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal regulation of the cough motor pattern

Wang

Saha

Rose

et al. 2009

Cough

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“…There is a possibility that opioids suppress cough also by a peripheral mechanism of action and, as such, this led to the development of BW443C, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor agonist for the treatment of cough. BW443C inhibits activity in airway sensory neurones originating from RARS and C-fiber receptors [105,106]. However, it has not been tested as an antitussive in humans.…”

Section: Cough Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cough pharmacotherapy: current and future status

Gibson

Ryan

2011

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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“…Cough can be initiated by mechanical stimulation of the trachea or larynx, (Bolser & DeGennaro, 1994; Bolser et al , 2006; Wang et al , 2009; Poliacek et al , 2011) or inhalation of an irritant aerosol (Bolser et al , 1995); and swallow by injection of water into the oropharynx, mechanical stimulation of the pharynx, and/or electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (Miller & Sherrington, 1915). Swallow is proposed to be generated by a dorsal and ventral medullary network that may share upper airway motor outputs with that of the respiratory pattern generator (Jean, 2001).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of cough and swallow: A meta-behavioral response to aspiration

Pitts

Rose

Mortensen

et al. 2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Airway protection is the prevention and/or removal of material by behaviors, such as cough and swallow. We tested the hypothesis that cough and swallow, in response to aspiration, are a “meta-behavior” and thus are coordinated and have alterations in excitability to respond to aspiration risk and maintain homeostasis. Anesthetized animals were challenged with a protocol that simulated ongoing aspiration and induced both coughing and swallowing. Electromyograms of the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, thyroarytenoid, thyropharyngeus, cricopharyngeus, parasternal, rectus abdominis muscles together with esophageal pressure were recorded to identify and evaluate cough and swallow. During simulated aspiration, both cough and swallow intensity increased and swallow duration decreased consistent with a more rapid pharyngeal clearance. A phase restriction between cough and swallow was also observed; swallow was restricted to the E2 phase of cough during chest wall and abdominal motor quiescence. These results support the conclusion that the cough and swallow pattern generators are an airway protective meta-behavior. The resulting alterations in swallow drive during the simulated aspiration protocol also supports the conclusion that the trachea provides feedback on swallow quality, informing the brainstem about aspiration incidences. The overall coordination of cough and swallow led to the additional conclusion that mechanically the larynx and upper esophageal sphincter act as two separate valves controlling the direction of positive and negative pressures from the upper airway into the thorax.

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Effect of codeine on the inspiratory and expiratory burst pattern during fictive cough in cats

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Spatiotemporal regulation of the cough motor pattern

Spatiotemporal regulation of the cough motor pattern

Cough pharmacotherapy: current and future status

Coordination of cough and swallow: A meta-behavioral response to aspiration

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