Effect of cold stratification on seed germination in Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) and its parental species

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the influence of cold stratification on seed germination in S. × niederederi, a hybrid between the North American S. canadensis and the European S. virgaurea, using fruit samples collected in 2016 in Poland. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the low temperature exposure decreases the final percentage and speed of seed germination in the hybrid and its parental species. For each species, sets of 100 achenes in three replications were mixed with dry sand and stored in Petri dishes in darkness for 12 weeks, at −18 °C and + 4 °C, and + 25 °C. The seeds were incubated for 21 d at room temperature (+25 °C), under the 12 h photoperiod (630 lx). We showed a lack of significant differences in: (i) the final percentage of germinated seeds of studied species stored at the same conditions, (ii) the final percentage of germinated seeds between the applied stratification conditions in the hybrid and its parental species, and (iii) the mean values of Timson’s index, mean germination time, and coefficient of velocity of germination between the stratification conditions in each species. The statistically significant inter-specific differences in the mean germination time parameter after the +25 °C treatment suggest that the seeds of S. × niederederi are able to germinate faster than the seeds of its parental species. However, to improve our knowledge of naturalization and invasion abilities of S. × niederederi by sexual reproduction, the seed germination and seedling survival of the hybrid should be tested in the field.

Effect of pappus removal on seed germination in Solidago ×niederederi (Asteraceae) and closely related species

“…worth mentioning that in other seed germination tests, in which the sand was used as a substrate (Pliszko and Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2017a, 2017b, 2018a, the percentage of germinated seeds of the hybrid was higher than that achieved on filter paper in this study. However, the percentage of germinated seeds could be also affected by genetic differences between the hybrid populations from which the fruits have been sampled.…”

“…Similarly, Gudžinskas and Žalneravičius (2016) evidenced significant differences in the length of pappus between S. gigantea and S. virgaurea. Until now, seed germination of S. ×niederederi was tested using the fruits with intact pappus (Pliszko and Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2017a, 2017b, 2018a. In this study, we demonstrated that seed germination of the hybrid occurs in fruits with removed pappus as well.…”

“…On the other hand, there is a probability that the hybrid produces the fruits by backcrossing with S. canadensis and S. virgaurea (Pagitz 2016). According to Pliszko and Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt (2017a, 2017b, 2018a, seeds of S. ×niederederi can achieve a high percentage of germination and cold stratification is not obligatory to break their dormancy. Since the hybrid has the potential to be established and poses a threat by competing with native species for insect pollinators and other resources (Pliszko and Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2017b, 2018bJaźwa et al 2018), the studies on its ecology are needed.…”

Structural Insights into New Bi(III) Coordination Polymers with Pyridine-2,3-Dicarboxylic Acid: Photoluminescence Properties and Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity

“…Our interest in this field concerns the chemistry of lead(II) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] and bismuth(III) coordination polymers with heteroaromatic carboxylate ligands. When selecting a central ion, we focused on the multiple applications of Bi(III) compounds as, for example, photoluminescent materials [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], catalysts [ 18 ], medical drugs for gastrointestinal disorders caused by Helicobacter pylori or anticancer agents [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, the Bi(III) ion exhibits a [Xe]4 f 14 5 d 10 6 s 2 ground state electronic configuration and belongs to a group of metal ions (Tl(I), Pb(II), Sn(II), Sb(III)) possessing a lone electron pair (n s 2 ).…”

<strong>Chromosome numbers in hybrids between invasive and native <em>Solidago</em> (Asteraceae) species in Europe</strong>

“…Despite its reduced pollen viability, S. ×niederederi can produce a low number of fruits (cypselas) with viable seeds (Migdałek et al 2014, Karpavičienė & Radušienė 2016, Pliszko & Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2017. Moreover, the seeds of S. ×niederederi germinate easily with no involvement of cold stratification (Pliszko & Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2018) and even if their pappus is removed from the fruit (Pliszko & Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt 2020). In contrast, the development of fruits in S. ×snarskisii has not been observed so far suggesting its sterility (Gudžinskas & Žalneravičius 2016, Pliszko 2018).…”