Effect of Combining Maize Straw and Palm Oil Fuel Ashes in Concrete as Partial Cement Replacement in Compression

Abstract

The high energy consumption connected with cement manufacturing, as well as the depletion of limestone resources and the release of carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming, are all important issues that must be addressed. Partially replacing cement with agricultural wastes in concrete, which reduces cement output, is an innovative solution to this problem. This paper examined the effect of combining Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Maize Straw Ash (MSA) as partial replacement of cement on the compressive strength of Grade 20 concrete at 0 - 30 % POFA and 0 - 30 % MSA using Historical data under the Response Surface study in Design-Expert software. The concrete cubes were tested at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. It was discovered that there was a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete with the percentage increase in the quantity of the POFA and MSA for all the curing days considered. However, there was a progressive increase in the compressive strength with an increase in the days of curing. The optimum combination of percentages of POFA, MSA and cement that gave a strength greater than the target compressive strength of 20 N/mm2 in 56 days is 30 % POFA and 16.6 % MSA and 53.4 % Cement at 0.58 water-cement ratio. HIGHLIGHTS Combining Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Maize Straw Ash as partial replacement of cement Using Historical data under the Response Surface study in Design-Expert software A decrease in the compressive strength of concrete with increase in the quantity of the POFA and MSA Optimum combination for strength greater than 20 N/mm2 in 56 days obtained GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Investigating the optimal combination for gravel and granite in blended palm oil fuel ash concrete

“…About 70% of the raw materials from which palm oil is produced result in waste [22]. POFA is generated from the calcination of some components of palm trees such as palm oil fibre, palm kernel shells, and palm oil husk, which are considered wastes and often dumped in open spaces generating environmental pollution leading to health hazards [35]. However, several research findings such as that of Thomas et al [50], Sanawung et al [42] and Pone et al [40] have revealed that POFA possesses high pozzolanic properties just like silica fume and thus can be used as a replacement for cement for construction purposes.…”

The effect of temperature on corn straw ash production as supplementary cementitious material

“…This is because the coal gangue particles are tightly packed and the reaction products (CSH and ettringite) are denser and more durable. Odeyemi et al (2021) noted that there was a progressive increase in the compressive strength of concrete molded with a blend of corn straw ash and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as the curing days increased. The optimal combination of ash percentages for replacing cement was found to be 30% POFA and 16.6% CSA.…”

“…It can be observed that, similar to CSA, the utilization of RHA did not result in a significant increase in water absorption. Even so, it is noteworthy that there is an increase in water absorption with the addition of corn stover ash, as well as a decrease in density as corn stover ash increases (Odeyemi et al, 2021;Opeyemi;Otuaga;Oluwasegunfunmi, 2014;Raheem et al, 2017).…”

Strength Properties of Steel and Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Containing Quarry Dust, Rice Husk Ash and Guinea Corn Husk Ash

“…Cement, being one of the fundamental constituents in concrete production, causes a grave hazard by emitting carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases into the environment at an alarming rate, which are largely responsible for global warming. It was estimated that about 0.9 tons of carbon dioxide is released into the environment when producing a ton of cement [5,6]. Over the years, researchers have suggested different industrial by-products and agricultural residues as alternative binders in the production of durable and sustainable concrete [7,8].…”