Effect of Compound Additives on Nutritional Composition, Fermentation Quality, and Bacterial Community of High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage

Jiang, Heng; Wang, Haoran; Bao, Bin; Qu, Hui; Wang, Jiao; Sun, Li; Liu, Bin; Gao, Fengqin

doi:10.3390/fermentation9050453

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Ensiling is a microbe-driven process in which epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) convert water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) into organic acids (mainly lactic acid (LA)) under anaerobic conditions, which rapidly reduces the pH in the fermentation mixture and allows the long-term preservation of the nutritional value of forage grass [9,10]. Many factors can affect silage quality, such as the growth stage of the materials, epiphytic microbes, storage conditions and additives [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Cutting Stages and Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) Silages

Yu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Fermentation

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(1) Background: Previous studies have indicated that ferulic acid esterase (FAE), cellulase and xylanase have synergistic effects in lignocellulose degradation, and the cutting stage has a major impact on silages. Whether these additives affect the silages at different cutting stages is unclear. (2) Methods: Sudangrass height at the tested cutting stages was 1.8 m (S1) and 2.0 m (S2). The silage from the two cutting stages was treated with FAE-producing Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), cellulase and xylanase (CX) and a combination of LP and CX (LP+CX) for 30 and 60 days. (3) Results: Compared with CK, adding LP+CX significantly decreased the pH and the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acidic detergent fiber (ADF) (p < 0.05) and increased the lactic acid (LA) concentration (p < 0.05), dry matter (DM) content and crude protein content. Adding LP+CX effectively degraded lignocellulose in sudangrass, and the NDF and ADF degradation rates at the two stages were all more than 30%. In comparison, cutting at the S2 stage led to a lower pH and higher LA and DM contents (p < 0.05). Additives and the cutting stage exerted a strong effect on the silage microbial community, and Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus became the most dominant bacterial phyla and genera, especially at the S2 stage. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that FAE-producing L. plantarum, cellulase and xylanase had synergistic effects on sudangrass silages, especially at the S2 stage, and their use can thus serve as an efficient method for ensiling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Cutting Stages and Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) Silages

Yu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Fermentation

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“…In addition, lucerne silage has good palatability and quality, while maintaining high digestibility over a longer storage period. However, it should be noted that traditional low-moisture silage preparation still requires some degree of drying; therefore, high-moisture silage treatments may be suitable for selecting lucerne with general harvest suitability [44]. Another solution for harvesting the fourth swath is to graze the animals.…”

Section: Adjusting Lucerne Harvesting Methods According To the Suitab...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method of Coupling Lucerne Quality with Meteorological Data to Evaluate the Suitability of Hay Harvest

Li,

Xie,

Liu

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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The alfalfa harvest time is determined by the alfalfa growth stage and the weather factors at that time, which will affect the yield and quality of the alfalfa hay. Addressing issues like the lack of precise harvesting timing and underutilized production potential of lucerne, this study is based on the internal(fall dormancy level, crude protein, acid, neutral detergent fiber, relative feed value) and external factors(air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, ground temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation) affecting the quality of lucerne, as well as the relevant experimental data of the existing literature and the weather factors within 24 h after the lucerne harvest.Using principal component analysis to calculate the weights of the above indicators, the harvest suitability score formula was constructed to determine the harvesting time, harvesting method and harvesting stubble. Huanghua City was used as an example to confirm the method’s effectiveness in guiding for determining the optimal harvest date of lucerne in the city. Key findings include the following: The hay quality of the first two crops of alfalfa in Huanghua City was higher than that of the third and fourth crops, and the optimal harvest stage of alfalfa was before the precipitation concentration period, which was consistent with other local research results and weather characteristics, and the method was feasible. Precipitation was the most significant factor affecting the lucerne harvest. The effects of other weather factors on hay quality varied with precipitation conditions. The temperature was the second important factor when daily precipitation is less than 1 mm, and the wind speed became the second important factor when the daily precipitation is less than 10 mm and more than 1 mm. Under low suitability and high precipitation, it may be advisable to convert hay harvest to silage to maximize economic benefits. This research could help agricultural decision-makers to develop precise harvesting strategies, and further improve lucerne production efficiency.

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Bacterial inoculants and enzymes based silage cocktails boost the ensiling quality of biomasses from reed, corn and rice straw

Liu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.

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This study investigated the effects of bacterial inoculants and enzyme-based silage cocktails on the dynamics of fermentation, microbiome, and nutritional value of silages produced from low-quality biomasses of reed, rice, and corn straw. A 90-day ensiling trial was performed using five distinct combinations of six basal bacterial species (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida utilis) and three basal enzymes (xylanase, β-mannanase, and glucanase). Each type of biomass was ensiled with six different treatments, including the Control treatment without an ensiling agent, the basal silage cocktail treatment (Mesa), and Mesa with a double dose of A. niger (MesaA), B. subtilis (MesaB), C. utilis (MesaC) and glucanase (MesaG). The “Mesa” contained (per kg silage), 1.0 × 106 CFU of L. plantarum, 1.4 × 107 CFU L. buchneri, 3.0 × 105 CFU P. pentosaceus, 8.0 × 108 CFU A. niger, 1.6 × 106 CFU B. subtilis and 1.0 × 109 CFU C. utilis, three enzymes (5.0 × 104 U xylanase, 2.5 × 103 U β-mannanase, and 1.0 × 104 U glucanase), and 20 mL molasses. Addition of the silage cocktails significantly improved the fermentation and nutritional quality of the reed, corn, and rice straw silages. Notably, the silage cocktails increased (P < 0.01) the contents of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), lactic acid (LA), ratio of LA to total acids and ensiling comprehensive evaluation scores, and decreased (P < 0.01) the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH of reed, corn, and rice straw silages. Regarding the silage microbiome, silage cocktails decreased the relative abundance of Enterobacter and Rahnella1, and increased the relative abundance of Leuconostoc. A. niger, and B. subtilis had a strong positive correlation with CP, EE, GE and Lactobacillus, and a negative correlation with pH, Rhizobium, and Rahnella1 in reed, corn and rice straw silages. In comparison, C. utilis had a strong positive correlation with EE, and a negative correlation with pH, Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas, and Rahnella1. Glucanase was positively correlated with LA, EE and GE, and negatively correlated with pH and Rahnella1. Silage quality characteristics and microbiome did not differ (P > 0.05) due to the composition of silage cocktails. Based on the comprehensive membership function analysis, the silage comprehensive evaluation scores were highest for double doses of B. subtilis and glucanase for reed, corn, and rice straw. This study revealed that silage cocktails upgraded straw silage fermentation and nutritional quality, and provided a practical solution for the optimal utilization of low-quality straw biomass. Graphical Abstract

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Effect of Compound Additives on Nutritional Composition, Fermentation Quality, and Bacterial Community of High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of Different Cutting Stages and Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) Silages

Effects of Different Cutting Stages and Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Stapf.) Silages

A Method of Coupling Lucerne Quality with Meteorological Data to Evaluate the Suitability of Hay Harvest

Bacterial inoculants and enzymes based silage cocktails boost the ensiling quality of biomasses from reed, corn and rice straw

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